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The OA landscape - one year from on from Finch: view from the Wellcome Trust

The OA landscape - one year from on from Finch: view from the Wellcome Trust. Robert Kiley, Wellcome Trust r.kiley@wellcome.ac.uk # @ robertkiley. I wanted to talk about Wellcome Library’s digitisation plans and out beautiful Player….

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The OA landscape - one year from on from Finch: view from the Wellcome Trust

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  1. The OA landscape - one year from on from Finch: view from the Wellcome Trust Robert Kiley, Wellcome Trust r.kiley@wellcome.ac.uk # @robertkiley

  2. I wanted to talk about Wellcome Library’s digitisation plans and out beautiful Player….. …but OA continues to be the more important concern for librarians…

  3. Agenda • Policy developments • Wellcome Trust • Changing landscape • APC’s: risks of the model? • Conclusion

  4. Policy developments – UK • RCUK • Updated guidance – April 2013 • Support for gold and green (preference for gold) • £17m in Year 1 to support OA • HEFCE • “we intend to introduce a requirement that all outputs submitted to the post-2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) exercise are published on an open-access basis” • Institutions can use the funds provided through our research grant to contribute towards the costs of more accessible forms of publication

  5. OA in Europe • Commission will make open access to scientific publications a general principle of Horizon 2020 • As of 2014, all articles produced with funding from Horizon 2020 will have to be accessible: • immediately by the publisher ('Gold' open access) - up-front publication costs can be eligible for reimbursement by the European Commission; or • available through an open access repository no later than six months (12 months for articles in the fields of social sciences and humanities) after publication ('Green' open access). • The goal is for 60% of European publicly-funded research articles to be available under open access by 2016

  6. Science Europe • SE position paper – supports principle of OA • Share the view that “publication and dissemination of results are an integral part of the research process. The allocation of resources within the research system must take this into account” • …but • stresses that the “hybrid model, as currently defined and implemented by publishers, is not a working and viable pathway to Open Access”

  7. OA in the US • FASTR • Max 6 month embargo • OSTP • Mandate – all federally funded research must be OA…within 12 months • Each agency plan shall ensure that the public can “read, download, and analyze in digital form final peer reviewed manuscripts or final published documents” • CHORUS • Response from AAP

  8. OA in the rest of the world • Global Research Council • In order to increase their RoI, research councils encourage open access to all results from publicly funded research which originated from their funding • Develop an integrated funding stream for hybrid open access • G8 Science Ministers • We endorse the principle that increasing access to the peer-reviewed, published results of publicly funded published research will accelerate research, drive innovation, and benefit the economy • https://www.gov.uk/government/news/g8-science-ministers-statement

  9. Part 2–Wellcome update – monograph policy • Development of OA policy for monographs and book chapters • Effective 2013/14 • Will provide funding for “monograph processing charges” • Working with publishers and researchers • Content will be exposed through Europe PMC

  10. Wellcome - compliance data Still room for significant improvement

  11. Sanctions • Sanctions for non-compliance: • withholding final payment on grants, pending assurance papers listed on final reports are compliant • requiring previous Trust-funded papers to be compliant before any funding renewals or new grants awards are activated • discounting non-compliant Trust-funded papers as part of a researcher’s track record • Too early to assess efficacy of these measures

  12. The CC-BY requirement • OA policy now specifies that research articles, for which an OA fee is paid, must be licenced using CC-BY • Trust believes that full research and economic benefit of published content will only be realised when there are no restrictions on access to, and reuse of, this information • Requirement introduced from April 2013 • RCUK have identical policy • All major publishers now offer CC-BY

  13. Funding open access • We view the cost of dissemination as an integral cost of funding research • We provide dedicated funds for institutions to meet open access costs: • OA block grants to 32 top-funded universities • fund other institutions via grant supplements • Our open access spend was almost £4.5m in 2011/12

  14. Cost of OA publications (1) • Data published by University of Edinburgh1 shows that over the last 4 years, average APC (for Wellcome Trust funded research papers) is £1741 1. Gold Open Access: Counting the Costs. Ariadne, 2012. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue70/andrew

  15. Cost of OA publications (2) • Analysis of OA spend (for Trust-funded research) from 30 UK universities shows that in 2011-12: • 1770 papers published under APC model, at a cost of £3,181,278 • Average APC = £1797 • If 100% of Trust funded research incurred via an APC, total annual spend would be £9m • Equates to 1.3% of Trust’s annual research spend • Annual research spend in 2011-12 was £700m • £9m / £700m = 1.3% • If our spend had been, say, £600m, then OA costs equal 1.5% of our research spend

  16. Enabling open access: Europe PMC • Supported by 20 partner funders • Provides access to 2.6m full text articles, plus 28 m abstracts • A platform for development of value added services • Integration with ORCID identifiers • Working with RJ and Research Fish

  17. Open access innovation: eLife • New open access journal dedicated to enhancing communication of the very best science • Collaboration between researchers and three funders: the Wellcome Trust, Howard Hughes Medical Institute & the Max Planck Society • will drive innovation in: • supporting fair, rapid and constructive review • maximising potential of on-line publishing for communicating cutting-edge science

  18. Changing landscape: OA publishing • PLoS One – biggest journal on the planet • Published 23,500 articles in 2012 • Rise of the clones • The American Society for Microbiology’s mBio • BMJ Open • Company of Biologists Biology Open • Nature’s Scientific Reports • Cell Press’s Cell Reports • The Royal Society’s Open Biology • SAGE Open • New, radical start-ups like PeerJ, F1000Research…and eLife

  19. Articles published under gold APC increased from 800 articles in 2000 to 136,000 articles in 2011 Anatomy of open access publishing: a study of longitudinal development and internal structure Mikael Laakso* and Bo-ChristerBjörk

  20. Growth in OA publishing: three OA publishers Research by McCabe and Snyder in 2013 shows that “moving from paid to open access increases cites by 8% on average”

  21. …and the rise of new services • Intermediaries • Other than funding, one of biggest problem researchers face when opting for OA is paying the APC • Providers now stepping in to plug this gap – evidence that OA is maturing • Sherpa FACT • Seeks to provide guidance, at the journal level, on how to comply with WT/RCUK policies

  22. “Gold” is NOT a UK-only phenomenon • 22% of all articles published in PLoS One are NIH funded • NIH also fund hybrid articles • 48% of articles routed through ACS “Author Choice” option NIH funded • In 2012 majority of published authors in PLOS were (in order of uptake) from US, China, Germany and UK

  23. How will the gold OA market develop? • We would like the emerging gold open access market to deliver: • high quality and cost-service services • emergence of innovative new players • At present, there are concerns that: • APCs may ultimately rise in an unchecked manner • ‘big deal’ type arrangements may enable big publishers to corner the market • costs are largely ‘hidden’ from researchers • What policies and processes do funders and institutions use to ensure gold OA market delivers? • Trust, in partnership with RCUK, RLUK, Jisc and others, commissioning study into the gold market

  24. “Green first” approach…a tad baffling • Number of UK universities are adopting a “green first” (e.g. Oxford, UCL, Sussex) • Green, however, ultimately relies on the subscription model… • …and wasn’t the point of OA that we want access now…with licences that facilitate re-use?

  25. Take-home summary • Trust still believes that dissemination costs are research costs • Cost of 100% OA is probably around 1.5% research spend • The move to OA continues to gain momentum • Policies, publishing venues, intermediaries etc. • “Gold” OA is not just a UK phenomenon • Funders need to ensure that APC model remains fair and transparent

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