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Sport as Social Institution. Sport. refers to competitive games that are won or lost on the basis of physical skills and are played according to specific rules . History. Sports started out as part of religious festivals (ancient Olympics)
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Sport • refers to competitive games that are won or lost on the basis of physical skills and are played according to specific rules
History • Sports started out as part of religious festivals (ancient Olympics) • With Industrialization, secularization occurred in society and sports became separate from religion, and developed into a social institution • Today, there is a high degree of specialization in sports. (ex: most football players specialize in one position)
FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE ON SPORTS • Sports serves the function of: • social integration provides common interests and unites people across racial, ethnic, and class distinctions • reinforcing social norms and values sports teach people to value hard work, teamwork, and obedience to authority
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE ON SPORTS • Sports maintain social inequality by: • distracting people from their problems • legitimizing violence • justifying the unequal distribution of wealth
ISSUES in AMERICAN SPORTS • Stacking – assigning people to athletic positions based on race • Women’s Athletics – Title IX has lessened the participation gap for female and male athletics in college