Wordle

1. Wordle

2. An Interview with Nina Wu Gable

3. TRIVIA • According to the 2010 Census, The most widely spoken second language in the US was Spanish. Do you know what the second most widely spoken second language was? • That’s right, Chinese! The Census recorded 2.6 million people in the US who speak Chinese as their Second Language at home

4. TRIVIA • The 2010 Census Bureau also released their projected percentage increase of Asian-Americans in the United States from 2008-2050. What do you believe this percentage was? • A.) 77% • B.) 112% • C.) 161% • D.) 39%

5. TRIVIA ANSWER • It’s 161%! The Census believes that there will be a 161% increase of Asian-Americans in the United States between 2008-2050. That is certainly a significant idea to consider, especially for our teachers

6. Representation of Chinese-Americans in Public Schools • According to an article by Angela Kim and Christine Yeh, the population of Asian-Americans doubled from 1980-1990, and is expected to double again between 1990-2020 • What does this mean for our school systems?

7. Statistics of Asian-American Students • Throughout the country, the dropout rate for Asian-American students is lower than the dropout rate for all other races (U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). The Condition of Education 2012 (NCES 2012-045), Indicator 33.)

8. Statistics of Asian-American Students • Examining the 2012 SAT Scores from across the country, Asian-American students led all other races in every area except for Critical Reading scores, where their mean score was 11 points lower than White students (http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=171)

9. Chinese-Americans in the Public School System • The influx of Asian-American immigrants means that there will be a significant increase in the number of Asian-American students in our public schools • We as teachers need to examine how we view and treat these students, and how we can do so in a way that will help these students succeed

10. The Stereotype of Chinese-Americans • Some of the educational stereotypes of Chinese-American students include the following: • “Overachievers” • “Nerdy” • “Great in math and science” • “Uninterested in fun” (S.Lee, 1996)

11. The Stereotype of Chinese-Americans Continued • The educational stereotyping of Chinese-American students can be extremely detrimental • The stereotype that many teachers hold for their Chinese-American students, that they are “whiz kids” who are immune to educational and behavioral problems, might prevent these students from seeking help when they need it (S.Lee, 1996)

12. The Stereotype of Chinese-Americans Continued • We need to recognize that our Chinese-American students are not always model students • In fact, a study (Lorenzo, Frost, & Reinherz, 2000) found that although Asian American students did better academically and had fewer delinquent behaviors than Caucasian Americans, they reported more depressive symptoms, withdrawn behavior, and social problems. They also had poorer self-images and reported more dissatisfaction with their social support.

13. So, How Can We Help Our Chinese-American Students? • We can learn first about the Asian-American population in our school district • We must also treat each student as an individual, and not according to a group stereotype (Feng, 1994) • Recognize that a Chinese-American student may struggle academically, and should not be made to feel ashamed for doing so

14. Helping our Chinese-American Students • Ask them if they need help, but do so on a one-to-one level so as not to embarrass the student • Understand that it may not be appropriate in their culture to ask questions or for help in class • Chinese culture emphasizes respect for adults, particularly adults in authority • Find a way to incorporate their own culture into the classroom

15. Helping our Chinese-American Students • How can we help to incorporate Chinese culture into our own classrooms? • Well, were you aware that there is actually an Asian-American and Asian-Pacific month?

16. Asian-American/Asian-Pacific Month • There is actually an Asian-American/Asian-Pacific Month! • “In June 1977, Reps. Frank Horton of New York and Norman Y. Mineta of California introduced a House resolution that called upon the president to proclaim the first ten days of May as Asian-Pacific Heritage Week. The following month, senators Daniel Inouye and Spark Matsunaga introduced a similar bill in the Senate. Both were passed. On October 5, 1978, President Jimmy Carter signed a Joint Resolution designating the annual celebration. Twelve years later, President George H.W. Bush signed an extension making the week-long celebration into a month-long celebration. In 1992, the official designation of May as Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month was signed into law.” (http://asianpacificheritage.gov/about.html)

17. Asian-American/Asian-Pacific Month Continued • This information is most likely not known to students, but it is incredibly beneficial to us as teachers • We can use this time in May to introduce our students to Asian-American culture, and, in our case, to Chinese-American culture

18. How to Use This in Our Classrooms • We can use primary sources in this case to help introduce our students to Chinese culture • For example, we can introduce our students to primary sources related to immigration of the Chinese to America

19. The Common Core and These Lessons • Using the website http://asianpacificheritage.gov/about.htmlteachers can actually find a plethora of resources related to these primary sources, and even look up how the use of these sources relates to the common core! • On the left is an example of MI Common Core Standards that are met when we use these primary sources for Grade 11 (just to use an example grade)

20. How Teachers can Use http://asianpacificheritage.gov/about.html • This website contains primary and secondary sources that students may be interested in • Interviews between young students and Chinese grandparents regarding the grandparent’s immigration to America • Photographs of Chinese immigrants Wedding photograph of a Chinese couple, taken from them on Angel Island An actual flyer distributed in an effort to boycott Chinese business

21. Chinese-Americans in Curriculum • Chinese-Americans are vastly underrepresented in our nationwide curriculum • In an effort to correct this, the National Consortium for Teaching about Asia (NCTA) was founded in 1998, as a nationwide initiative to help encourage the teaching and learning of Asia and Asian culture in classrooms across the country (http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/ncta/) A group of NCTA Teachers

22. Programs for Chinese-American Students • One of the issues Chinese-American students struggle with is the fact that they may speak English as a second language • The Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund has examined the treatment of Asian-American, including Chinese-American, students and how NCLB does not account for these students

23. Programs for Chinese-American Students Continued • The Asian-American Legal Defense and Education Fund has several suggestions for how Chinese-American students can be better represented in our schools: • Create more Native Language Assessments, so Chinese-American students can take assessments in their native language • Create more Bilingual Education Programs • Use Multiple Forms of Assessment • Increase Professional Development and Increase Hiring of Professionals Who Can Help These Students

24. Chinese-Americans in the Media • According to the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium (2005), Asians are vastly underrepresented in the media • Asians that are granted acting roles are typically only given roles that perpetuate the stereotypes of Asian culture

25. Chinese-Americans in the Media • Images of Chinese-Americans in the media tend to perpetuate the stereotypes that Asian Americans are the “Model Minority”--that they are always a high status professional, determined to be successful and perfect in every way • This stereotype is not always a positive one! Notice how serious these characters are-- as if a smile would make them seem less than professional

26. Chinese-American Women in the Media • Chinese-American Women in the media are often portrayed as exotic and subservient, and reliant on their exotic beauty, a stereotype that stems from Western colonization of Asian cultures, when women were seen as objects or commodities (Chan, 1988)

27. Chinese-American Men in the Media • In the media, Asian American (including Chinese-American) males are often portrayed as the following: • Evil male villains • Uncultured and/or unfriendly individuals • Masters of Kung Fu

28. TraditionalChinese Gender Roles • Gender roles were greatly influenced by Confucianism. It was a patriarchal structure with the father and eldest son in dominant roles. There were also multiple generations under one roof. (Wong, 2006) • Females were in a subordinate position and brought up to respect male hierarchical authority. (http://ssrdqst.rfmh.org/cecc/index.php?q=node/24)

29. Chinese American Gender Roles • There is no typical Chinese American family, but there has been a shift from traditional Chinese gender roles to a more egalitarian philosophy. • In the U.S., Chinese women have assumed more assertive roles helping to support their families financially. • They often are in the position of caring for children and elderly parents as well. (http://ssrdqst.rfmh.org/cecc/index.php?q=node/24)

30. Chinese American Language • 76.3% of Chinese Americans speak a language other than English at home, while 23.7% speak English only at home. (http://chineseculture.about.com/b/2009/04/30/chinese-americans-by-numbers-2.html) • Many Chinese Americans speak the Chinese languages of Mandarin and Cantonese.

31. Chinese American Language • Chinese is the third most spoken language in the U.S. after English and Spanish. (http://www.stanford.edu/group/ethnoger/chinese.html) • Chinese is maintained through homes, community based language schools, newspapers, radio, television and through foreign language classes at mainstreamed schools and universities. (Wang)

32. Chinese American Work Ethic • Chinese Americans, as a whole, have a very strong work ethic. Working diligently is a value in Confucianism. • Many are highly educated and in professional jobs. Some are small business owners. • There are many at the poverty level, are unemployed, in unskilled employment or have 2 or more jobs. (http://ssrdqst.rfmh.org/cecc/index.php?q=node/24)

33. Traditional Chinese Religion • Confucianism- There is great value in moral principles being taught at a young age and throughout life. • Mutual respect, reverence and obedience to elders is expected. • Duty, obligation, importance of family name, service and self sacrifice to elders are stressed. (Wong, 2006)

34. Traditional Chinese Religion • Buddhism- The primary teachings shared by all schools of Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path and the Precepts. • Within these teachings are woven the Buddhist doctrines of suffering (dukkha), the five aggregates of being (skandhas), no-self (anatta, shunyata), ethics, karma, rebirth, enlightenment and Nirvana. (http://buddhism.about.com/od/basicbuddhistteachings/The_Basics_What_the_Buddha_Taught.htm)

35. Traditional Chinese Religion • Taoism- A way to live a peaceful life in harmony with nature. • It forms the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine. • Meditation, tai chi breathing exercises, herbal medicine and acupuncture are a part of Taoism. (http://ssrdqst.rfmh.org/cecc/index.php?q=node/24)

36. Chinese American Religion

37. Chinese American Religion • A comprehensive nation wide survey was taken regarding Asian American religion practices by The Pew Forum and Religion and Public Life in 2012. • 52% of the Chinese Americans polled, 15% were atheistic or agnostic and 37% were ‘nothing in particular’. • Chinese Americans were the highest percentage of all Asian American that were unaffiliated.

38. Chinese American Religion • 3 out of 10 Chinese Americans identified as Christian. • Some Asian Americans may follow traditions such as Confucianism or Chinese folk religion, yet not necessarily identify with a religious affiliation. (http://www.pewforum.org/Asian-Americans-A-Mosaic-of-Faiths-overview.aspx)

39. Traditional Chinese Medicine • Traditional Chinese medicine is influenced by the philosophy of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism and has been practiced for thousands of years. • The Chinese diet is based on the yin and yang balance and appropriate food and herbal medicine is utilized to nurture and treat the body. (Feng, 2002)

40. Chinese American Health Issues • The degree to which the U.S. health care system is utilized by Chinese Americans is potentially determined by how long they or their family has been in the U.S. • Many combine traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine to treat their illnesses. (Feng, 2002) • The Chinese potentially face a series of barriers in fully utilizing the American health care system, such and language and communication.

41. Chinese American Health Issues • Traditional Chinese medicine can be easier to access and more readily comprehensible. • By underutilizing the health care system, Chinese give the impression that there are fewer health problems facing Asian-Americans relative to other minority groups. • The opposite is true; according to health specialist Grace Ma of Temple University, Chinese people face a host of illnesses that are especially prevalent among Asian communities: - urinary tract infections - tuberculosis - hepatitis • While these diseases are all recognized in the United States, they are not given special attention when Chinese patients are being treated. (Feng, 2002)

42. Chinese American Health Issues • Chinese Americans are at 6 times higher risk of dying from liver cancer caused by Hepatitis B than Caucasians. • Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the 2 leading causes of death in Chinese Americans. • Chinese women 65 and over have 3 times the rate of suicide of white women living in the U.S. (http://www.stanford.edu/group/ethnoger/chinese.html)

43. Question for you: How many Chinese Americans are there in the United States?

44. Chinese American Demographics • As of March 2012, there were 4,010,114 Chinese Americans in the United States. • Chinese Americans make up 23.2% of the Asian population of the U.S. • As of the 2010 Census, over half of all Chinese Americans lived in California or New York.(http://www.apacc.net/asian-pacific-american-stats-and-facts)

45. Question for you: What is the percentage of Chinese Americans in Michigan?

46. Michigan Population by Ethnicity (http://www.apacc.net/asian-pacific-american-stats-and-facts)

47. Asian Population in Michigan (http://www.apacc.net/asian-pacific-american-stats-and-facts)

48. Chinese Migration to the U.S. • Main Impetus= annexation of California • This led to not only American expansion toward Asia, but also the migration of Asians to America.

49. The Lure of “GamSaan” • Chinese laborers were imported to build the transcontinental railroad & to bring the fertile lands of CA to cultivation. • Many sought sanctuary from intense conflicts in China (i.e. wars) • Harsh economic conditions also drove Chinese immigrants to seek survival in American • starvation • Learning about “GamSaan,” or “Gold Mountain” led many of the younger, more daring Chinese men to leave their villages for the “gold hills” of CA.

50. What About the Women? • Chinese tradition & culture limited migration for women • Confucianism defined the place of a woman; she was instructed to obey her father as a daughter, her husband as a wife, & her eldest son as a widow. • She would leave her home to join the family of her husband • Perhaps most tellingly, a daughter’s name was not recorded on her family tree; it was entered later next to her husband’s name in his genealogy. • Wives were also left behind when men immigrated to America as insurance the husband would return one day & continue to send money in the meantime (i.e. “hostage theory”) • Also, there was racial hostility; many whites viewed the Chinese as threatening to racial homogeneity. • Federal immigration policies were enacted to bar Chinese women • This led to “community of Bachelors” • Wives at home • Most Chinese women in America were prostitutes brought here against their will or under false pretenses and forced into prostitution.