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Human Geography: Elements of Culture. Learning Goals: Explain different economic and government systems Analyze major religions Explain how urban areas develop. Population Geography. Population Distribution Where are these people?.
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Human Geography:Elements of Culture Learning Goals: Explain different economic and government systems Analyze major religions Explain how urban areas develop
Population Distribution Where are these people? Not evenly spread out throughout the world. Almost 90% of the population lives in the Northern Hemisphere! Why is this area well-suited for a large population? More land Climate is warm enough and wet enough to make agriculture possible!
Population Density: helps geographers understand how heavily populated an area is
Growth of Urban Areas • Today, much of the population of the world lives in cities. • Cities are often the birthplace of innovation and change within a society.
Urban Areas • Suburbs: the built-up area around the central city
Urbanization: the dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result. • Why have cities grown over the past 2 centuries? People looking for work!!
What is Culture? • Culture: • The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group. • What do the following have in common? • We SHARE and BORROW from ALL cultures around the world! Education Security Language Gov't Food Friends/Family Religion Shelter Relationships
Innovation – taking existing technology and resources and creating something new Acculturation – When society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation More Words to help us understand Culture Cultural Hearth – A site of innovation From which basic ideas, Materials, and Technology diffuse to Many cultures Diffusion – The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
Changing Culture? • QUESTION: Does culture EVOLVE or remain the SAME? • ANSWER: Culture is ALWAYS changing! • Change can occur or Slowly Rapidly
Language • Helps to build cultural identity • Builds group identity and unity among those speaking the SAME language. • Impact of multiple languages within a or culture: • Can lead to divisions among people • Ex: Canada (French and English)
Language • How many languages are spoken throughout the world? • Between 3,000 and 6,500 • What is the term for different versions of a language spoken within a culture? • DIALECT! • Examples: Southern drawl, Boston accent, and street slang
Types of Religion • Very influential in cultures • Religion Categories: • Monotheistic • Belief in one god • Polytheistic • Belief in many gods • Animistic • Belief indivine forces in nature • How religions spread throughout the world: • Religion spreads through diffusion and converts.
FAITH FOLLOWERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD… These are estimations!!
Judaism: Oldest of the Southwest Asian religions Concentrated in Israel Established more than 3,200 years ago Oldest monotheistic religion Basic laws & teachings come from Torah (Holy book) Christianity: Evolved from the teachings of Judaism (2,000 yrs. ago) Monotheistic Based on teachings of Jesus Christ (Son of God to Christians) New Testament of Bible Found on every continent Groups: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox Religions
Islam: Based on teachings of Prophet Muhammad Monotheistic God is Allah (Arabic) Close ties to Judaism and Christianity Holy Book = Qur’an 2 major divisions: Sunni and Shiite Hinduism: One of the world’s oldest religions (dates back 5,000 years) “Ethnic” religion (India) Polytheistic One or many gods represent an aspect of the divine spirit, Brahman Includes a Caste system (shapes lives and culture) Religions
Religions • Buddhism: • Offshoot of Hinduism • Developed in India (563 B.C.) • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha/Enlightened One) • Rejected Hindu caste system • Focused teachings on correct way to live to reach enlightened spiritual state called NIRVANA
Types of Government • Representative Democracy: Citizens hold political power; “Rule by the People” (U.S.) • Monarchy: A ruling family, headed by a king or queen, holds political power (UK) • What is a constitutional monarchy?
Dictatorship: An individual or group holds COMPLETE political power (North Korea, Cuba) • Military dictatorship: where the government resides within the military.
Economic Systems • Traditional: “Barter”; trade without use of money • Command: Government determines and owns all means of production • Market: “Capitalism”; based on Supply and Demand—consumers play large role • Mixed: Combination of command and market