Sea and land explorers

1. Sea and land explorers

2. The Age of Exploration • Turn and Talk: Why did the Europeans explore the world during the Age of Exploration?

3. Find a sea route to Asia

4. Gold and Silver

5. Knowledge of the world

6. Expand Christianity

7. Build and control a larger empire

8. Find the Northwest Passage

9. Find animal furs

10. Read pages 112-117 • Use and complete the study guide as you read.

11. Yesterday… • …We looked at the reasons why the Europeans explored the “New World.” • Today we are going to learn about the Spanish and English explorers. • Why they came. • What they did.

12. Spanish Expeditions • 1774 Juan Perez: Nootka Village on the west side of Vancouver Island. • 1790’s Francisco Eliza and Manuel Quimper: Explored Strait of Juan de Fuca and San Juan Islands.

13. Label Juan Perez’s (orange) route pg. 127

14. Why did the Spanish come to the PNW? • Spain wasn’t really interested in the Northwest, since there wasn’t much gold or silver. • But they were afraid of losing out to the British.

15. British Explorers • 1774 James Cook-Discovered many Islands and the economic value of the Pacific Ocean. • 1792 George Vancouver- Spent a summer in the Puget Sound and gave places names. Mt. Baker, Mt. Rainier, Puget Sound, Hood Canal, and more

16. Label Cook (green) and Vancouver’s (blue) routes

17. Read James Cook’s Journal • Read James Cook’s Journal and complete corresponding study guide • In your own words: What is James Cook’s journal describing?

18. Why were the British interested in the PNW? • The British at first were looking for the Northwest Passage • Then became interested in the abundance of natural resources in the region

19. The U.S. Joins In

20. The United States • Once the U.S. gained its independence from Great Britain in 1783 it was ready to expand out toward the Northwest. • Turn and Talk: What other two countries were competing for the Northwest and what do you remember about each of them?

21. American Explorers • 1792 Captain Robert Gray-Sailed 25 miles into the San Rouge River. Claimed it for the United States and renamed it the Columbia River. • 1804-1806 Lewis and Clark-Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson.

22. Questions? • Let’s visit the letter from Thomas Jefferson to Lewis and Clark. • In your groups: What does the letter say in your own words?

23. Label Lewis and Clark’s route (brown)

24. Lewis and Clark

25. The Corps of Discovery • Lewis, Clark, and 29 other men began their journey on May 14, 1804. • Left St, Louis and traveled by keel boat up the Missouri River to Fort Mandan, North Dakota. Here, they hired two guides: • Frenchman Toussaint Charbonneau • And his Shoshone wife, Sacajawea

26. York and Sacajawea

27. The Corps of Discovery (pg. 130) • After the winter, they followed the Missouri River to Three Forks, Montana. The expedition had to abandon their boats and continue through the Rocky Mountains. • Traveled first along the Clearwater River and then canoed up the Snake River to where it joined the Columbia River.

28. The Corps of Discovery • The journey was easier from here. They moved quickly downstream, stopping only to carry their things around the falls and rapids. Upon the advice of the Chinook Indians, they crossed the Columbia and built Fort Clatsop near modern-day Astoria, Oregon.

29. Turning point for the Pacific Northwest • Through the careful scientific observations of the expedition, American became aware of the potential of this region. • Their charts and maps became the road-map for the American Pioneers to follow.

30. Socratic Seminar Rules • Come prepared with the materials read • Each statement or opinion stated needs to be supported with text evidence • Build off each other’s comments or questions • Disagree with someone’s idea not the individual person • Once you are done speaking call on the next individual

31. Respond in Notebook • Who had a stronger claim to the Pacific Northwest? Was it Spain, Great Britain, United States or the Indians who lived here? • Explain and justify your response with text evidence from the textbook or article.

32. What is your opinion on how the Native Americans were represented within your textbook? • Explain why you think there is a conflict with representing their story in the textbook with text evidence.

33. 1786-1846 The Fur Trade Era

34. Learning Goal • Students will understand why people were interested in the natural resources of the region.

35. The Fur Trading Industry Fur Trappers were people who trapped fur bearing animals for their pelts. A pelt is the skin and fur of a dead animal. These are coyote pelts that have been stretched and hung to dry.

36. Which Furs Were in Demand? Beaver Pelts (above) were used for hats and coats. The Sea otter (above right) and the river otter (below right) were highly prized as well. They were sold throughout the U.S., Asia, and Europe.

37. The Role of Native Americans Indians in the area had been trapping animals for thousands of years. Fur was important to their lives so they were good at it, and only trapped what they needed. Indians often taught the trappers the skills they needed to be successful Only Indian trappers worked in Washington until the early 1800s. That was when white trappers moved into the region. These trappers trapped as much as they could, because they worked for profit.

38. Fur Trading Companies • There were four major fur trading companies operating in the Pacific Northwest • The Northwest Fur Company • The Pacific Fur Company • The Hudson’s Bay Company • The Rocky Mountain Fur Company

39. Label the major fur trading routes (pg. 143)

40. Cornell Notes on pages 142, 146-147

41. Learning Target • Student will be able to explain how and why the fur trade “initiated the gradual process of white settlement in Washington.”

42. The Impact of the Fur trade Era • The Fur Trade Era impacted the Pacific Northwest in several ways: • The purpose for exploration changed from a scientific purpose to an economic purpose. • People were interested in the natural resources of the region and made plans to use them. • Land based fur traders entered the area (Land based traders did not use ships)

43. The Impact of the Fur Trade Era • Both Great Britain and the US had strong claims to the area. There was competition to see who could gain political control of the region during this time. • The fur trade “initiated the gradual process of white settlement in Washington” which later became a mass migration of Europeans to the area.

44. The Impact of the Fur Trade Era • The Fur trade Era was not good for everyone. • Guns and alcohol were introduced to Native Americans. • New diseases brought by trappers killed thousands of Indians because they were not immune to them. • The trappers disrupted the lifestyle and culture of the Native Americans.