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Europa

Europa. Europa. By: Kurt Seefeldt In partial fulfillment of requirements for ASTE 527 Fall Term. Europa glistens with one of the highest geometric albedos in our solar system, .64.

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Europa

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  1. Europa

    Europa By: Kurt SeefeldtIn partial fulfillment of requirements for ASTE 527 Fall Term
  2. Europa glistens with one of the highest geometric albedos in our solar system, .64. Europa’s IR signature is consistent with water ice but showed some anomalies that could prove consistent with salt minerals or bacteria. When compared to IR analysis from Yellowstone National Park Extremophile bacteria, the results were similar.
  3. Effective Elastic Thickness: =~25km!
  4. Cryodriller
  5. Power Requirements can be calculated by: ΔW= Alρ[cp(tF-t) + Lv] And will be approximately between 1.14E8-5.54E8 J The descent velocity can be calculated by: ν= lP/ΔW= P / Aρ[cp(tF-t) + Lv] And will be approximately 2.3 years. Depending upon the salinity and temperature of the ice between 7 and 26 tranceivers will be needed
  6. Communications Bay Transceivers Transceivers Swimmer bay
  7. Swimmer Science: Ice/Water Interface Conductivity-Temperature-Depth sensor, or CTD Ice/water interaction Gas analysis probing Accelerometers Radioactivity sensors Echo sounders Wave meters Hydrolocaters Cameras
  8. Swimmer Science: Mid-Ocean Temperature readings Protein readings Molecular probes Video E-field detector pH, and oxygen Microscopy Search for fish like creatures! Search for microbial life forms such as Tubeworms, Iceworms, Mussel or Brine Salinity content
  9. Swimmer Science: The Depths Seismo-acoustic profiling IR spectrophotometer Chemiluminescence detector Coloimetric detector Spectrophotometers Optical photodetector sensor Oxidation-Reduction Potential, or ORP, electrodes . Lighting and photography temperature readings Magnetometer sonar
  10. SWIMMER POWER: . Because the swimmers will remain on Europa permanently the contents must be as enviro-friendly as possible.
  11. Swimmer Communications: Underwater acoustic communication is the leading prospect. Transmission modems and receiver equalizers are employed. Bit rates of 1 kbps at 10 – 100 nautical mile ranges. Modems are of the average size of a credit card with the thickness of a cell phone and consume 10-50 W of power to transmit. The equalizers will be mounted aboard the CTD where the signal will be transmitted to the surface and then on to Earth.
  12. Other Uses
  13. Articles from the Europa mission have many possible applications
  14. References Arnett, W. (2008). Eurpoa. The Nine Planets: A multimedia Tour of the Solar System. Retrieved from http://www.nineplanets.org/europa.html Ayers, J. (1989) Recovery of oscillator function following spinal regeneration in the sea lamprey. In: Cellular and Neuronal Oscillators. J. Jacklet, [ed]. New York: Marcel Dekker. Ayers, J. (2000) A Conservative Biomimetic Control Architecture for Autonomous Underwater Robots. In: Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots. J. Ayers, J. Davis and A. Rudolph [eds]. MIT Press, in press. Bell, E. (2003). NSSDC Photo Gallery: Europa. Retrieved from NASA NSSCD Photo Gallery Web site, http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-europa.html Bierhaus, E.B., Schenk, P.M. (2010) Constraints on Europa’s surface properties from primary and secondary crater morphology. Journal of Geophysical Research. Billings, L. (2008a). Astrobiology: Life in the Universe. Retrieved from NASA Astrobiology Home, http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/ Billings, L. (2008b). Astrobiology: Life in the Universe. Retrieved from NASA Astrobiology Home, http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/?q=europa&l=all Billings, S., & Kattenhorn, S. (2005). The great thickness debate: Ice shell thickness models for Europa and comparisons with estimates based on flexure ridges. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho. Bryant, S. (2001). Ice-Embedded Transceivers for EruopaCryobot Communications. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Chaisson, E., & McMillan, S. (2001). Astronomy Today. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, Space Studies Board. (1999) A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa. National Academy Press.
  15. Elowitz, M. (2006). Could PrimativeLifeExist in Europa’s Subsurface Ocean? Retrieved from http://www.markelowitz.com/europa.htm Europa (moon). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon) Galileo FAQ – Exploring Europa. (n.d.).Retrieved from http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/faqeuropa.html Galileo Highlights of Jupiter Orbital Tour 92-14a. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/tourhilites.html Greenberg, R. (2005). Europa -The Ocean Moon. UK: Praxis Publishing. Greenberg, R., Pappalardo, R., & Greeley, R. (1998) Tectonic Processes on Europa: Tidal Stresses, Mechanical Response, and Visible Features. Astrological Studies, US Geological Survey. Hamilton, C. (2007). Eurpoa: Jupiter II. Views of the Solar System. Retrieved from http://www.solarviews.com/eng/europa.htm Harra, L (2004) Space Science. University College, London. Jalbert, J. Kashin, S. Ayers, J. (1995) A Biologically-based Undulatory Lamprey-like AUV. In: Proc. of the Autonomous Vehicles in Mine Countermeasures Symposium. Naval Postgraduate School. Lillesand, T. & Kiefer, R. (2000). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.NASA Facts: Galileo Mission to Jupiter. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/fact_sheets/galileo.pdf National Research Council of the National Academies.(2007) Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System. A Science Strategy for the Exploration of Europa. National Academic Press. Nimmo, F., Giese, B. & Pappalardo, R. (2003) Estimates of Europa’s ice shell thickness from elastically-supported topography. Geophysical Research Institute.
  16. Nimmo, F., Pappalardo, R., & Giese, B. (2002) Effective elastic thickness and heat flux estimates on Ganymede. Geophysical Research Institute. Rohsenow, Hartnett. (2004) Handbook of Heat Transfer. GSFC Library Reference No. QC320.R528 C.1 Savage, D., Jones, T., & Villard R. (1995). Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere on Europa. Retrieved from Galileo: Journey to Jupiter Web site, http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/europa/hst.html Schenk, P. (2012) New Measurements of Impact Crater Topography Show That Europa Has A Thick Ice Shell. Retrieved From www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/europa/thickice Schenk, P. (2002) Thickness constraints on the icy shells of the Galilean satellites from a comparison of crater shapes. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Sellers, J (2004) Understanding Space. New York: McGraw-Hill Primis. Tritt, C.S. (2006). Possibility of Life on Europa. Retrieved from http://people.msoe.edu/~tritt/sf/europa.life.html http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/7392/1/03-1225.pdf http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/13332/1/01-2122.pdf http://www.spudislunarresources.com/Bibliography/p/97.pdf http://pdf.aminer.org/000/353/804/a_geometric_approach_to_anguilliform_locomotion_modelling_with_an_underwater.pdf
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