Heat and Conductors

1. Heat and Conductors E 96-99

2. Temperature tells how fast the particles in matter are moving the higher the temperature the faster the movement and more energy; the lower the temperature the less movement and less energy • Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another; heat flows when an object is warmer than its surroundings (heat always flows from a hotter material to a cooler material; it will flow until the surrounding objects have the same temperature) • Example: If you hold a mug of hot chocolate; the heat from the mug flows to your hands; your body gains energy and your hand temperature rises; energy is lost from the mug and its temperature decreases

3. Movement of Heat • Conduction • Thermal energy flows through objects without the movement of any matter • The way your hand is warmed by the mug; usually occurs in solids and between objects that are touching

5. Convection • Thermal energy is transferred by the movement of matter • Occurs in liquids and gases • The hot material rises while the cooler parts sink • Example: a pot of hot water heating on the stove; the water near the heater will heat and rise to the top of the pan while the cooler water begins to sink

7. Radiation • Heat is transferred through electromagnetic rays • Energy is not needed • All objects give off radiation • Example: the Suns rays

10. Some materials conduct heat better than others.