MECHATRONICS

1. Slovak University of Technology Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava MECHATRONICS Lecture 01

2. MECHATRONICS MECHATRONICSis a natural stage in the evolutionary process of modern engineering design. The development of the computer, and then the microcomputer, embedded computers, and associated information technologies and software advances, made mechatronics an imperative in the latter part of the twentieth century. Standing at the threshold of the twenty-first century, with expectedadvances in integrated bioelectro-mechanical systems, quantumcomputers, nano- and pico-systems, and other unforeseen developments,the future of mechatronics is full of potential and brightpossibilities.

3. BASIC DEFINITIONS • The definition of mechatronics has evolved since the original definition by the Yasakawa Electric Company. In trademark application documents, Yasakawa defined mechatronics in this way: The word, mechatronics, is composed of “mecha” from mechanism and the “tronics” from electronics. In other words, technologies and developed products will be incorporating electronics more and more into mechanisms, intimately and organically, and making it impossible to tell where one ends and the other begins. • The definition of mechatronics continued to evolve after Yasakawa suggested the original definition. One of quoted definition of mechatronics was presented by Harashima, Tomizuka, and Fukada in 1996. In their words: Mechatronics is defined as the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes.

4. BASIC DEFINITIONS • That same year, another definition was suggested by Auslander and Kempf: Mechatronics is the application of complex decision making to the operation of physical systems. • Yet another definition due to Shetty and Kolk appeared in 1997 : Mechatronics is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products. • More recently, we find the suggestion by W. Bolton : A mechatronic system is not just a marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and is more just a control system; it is a complete integration of all of them. • Paruschev´s definition (1996): Mechatronics may be taken as a complex of ideas, methods and means to create computer-controlled and programmable mechanic systems with settable functionality, linked to energetic and power interactions of mechanic subsystems with their ambient.

5. BASIC DEFINITIONS All these definitions agree that mechatronics is an interdisciplinary field, in which the following disciplinesact together : • mechanical systems (mechanical elements, machines, precision mechanics); • electronic systems(microelectronics, power electronics, sensor and actuator technology); • information technology (systems theory, automation, software engineering, artificial intelligence).

6. BASIC DEFINITIONS Definition (Mudrik, Lipták,Naď)-1998: The mechatronic system (MS) is an integral system consisting from 3 subsystems: • electronic control subsystem (ECS), • electric driving subsystem (EDS), • mechanic working subsystem (MWS): MS = ECS + EDS + MWS • The integration covers design, construction, operation, maintenence with respect to optimal static and dynamic attributes of the MS: • ECS performes the optimal control of the MS heading the MS objectives: product or/and process. • EDS is an energy electric-to-mechanic converter (or v.v.). Following the MS objectives: product or/and process, provides SPS for power (torque, force). • MWS executes the production or process, following the MS objectives.

7. KEY ELEMENTS OF MECHATRONICS The study of mechatronic systems can be divided into the following areas of specialty: • Physical Systems Modeling • Sensors and Actuators • Signals and Systems • Computers and Logic Systems • Software and Data Acquisition

8. Mechanical process and information processing develop towards mechatronic shows a general scheme of a modern mechanical process like a power producing or a power generating machine. A primary energyflows into the machine and is then either directly used for the energy consumer in the case of an energy transformer, or converted into another energy form in the case of an energy converter. The form of energy can be electrical, mechanical (potential or kinetic, hydraulic, pneumatic), chemical, or thermal. Machines are m characterized by a continuous or periodic (repetitive) mechanical devices, piecewise or precision mechanical devices, piecewise or intermittent energy flows are typical.

10. The energy flow is generally a product of a generalized flow and a potential (effort). Information on the state of the mechanical process can be obtained by measured generalized flows (speed, volume, or mass flow) or electrical current or potentials (force, pressure, temperature, or voltage). Together with reference variables, the measured variables are the inputs for an information flow through the digital electronics resulting in manipulated variables for the actuators or in monitored variables on a display.

11. MECHANICAL PROCESS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVELOP TOWARDS MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS

12. The addition and integration of feedback information flow to a feedforward energy flow in a basically mechanical system is one characteristic of many mechatronic systems. This development presently influences the design of mechanical systems. Mechatronic systems can be subdivided into: • mechatronic systems • mechatronic machines • mechatronic vehicles • precision mechatronics • micro mechatronics

13. electrical, • thermal, • thermo-dynamic, • chemical, • information This shows that the integration with electronics comprises many classes of technical systems. In several cases, the mechanical part of the process is coupled with: processing part. This holds especially true for energy converters as machines where, in addition to the mechanical energy, other kinds of energy appear. Therefore, mechatronic systemsin a wider sensecomprise mechanical and also non-mechanical processes.

14. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS

15. MECHATRONICS AND MODERN ENGINEERING Modern engineering encompasses diverse multidisciplinary areas. Therefore, there is a critical need toidentify new directions in research and engineering education addressing, pursuing, and implementing integrating various disciplines and tools, mechatronics provides multidisciplinary leadership and supports the current gradual changes in academia and industry. There is a strong need for an advanced Recent research developments and drastic technological advances in electromechanical motion devices, power electronics, solid-state devices, microelectronics, micro and nanoelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), materials and packaging, computers, informatics, system intelligence, microprocessors and DSPs, signal and optical processing, computer-aided-design tools, and simulation environments have brought new challenges to the academia. As a result, many scientists are engaged in research in the area of mechatronics, and engineering schools have revised their curricula to offer the relevant courses i mechatronics.