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Towards Leadership in Telecom Technologies

Towards Leadership in Telecom Technologies. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT Madras ashok@tenet.res.in. World’s Second Largest Telecom Market. Area – 3,287,263 Square kilometers Population (2007) – 1.13 Billion 22 National Recognized Languages Literacy Rate (2007) – 65% GDP: 1171 Billion USD

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Towards Leadership in Telecom Technologies

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  1. Towards Leadership in Telecom Technologies Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT Madrasashok@tenet.res.in COMSNET, Bangalore

  2. World’s Second Largest Telecom Market • Area –3,287,263 Square kilometers • Population (2007) –1.13Billion • 22National Recognized Languages • Literacy Rate (2007) –65% • GDP: 1171 Billion USD • Average Annual Growth Rate • Population –1.6% (slowing) • GDP->9% Source : FICCI/ Exim bank COMSNET, Bangalore

  3. ...& One of the fastest Growing Ones • One of thefastest growing economiesin Asia. • Annual GDP growth rate of>9% over next 5-10 years • Set to emerge as3rd largest economyin the world by 2020 • Majorglobal hub for IT& IT enabled services • By 2010 – • Literacy Rate:80% • Middle Class:32% (exploding) • Poverty:16% (declining) COMSNET, Bangalore

  4. Subscribers in million India’s Telecom Story is now well known • Growing at 10 million lines per month • Largest telecom market in the world • But India was struggling at under 10 million lines in 1994 • Growing at 1 million per year • What happened? • Liberalization of Telecom • Wireless technology • Reduce CAPEX • Fast build-up • Low maintenance cost / OPEX • Affordable tariff TCOE Workshop

  5. Lowest Mobile Tariff in the world drives growth in India USD COMSNET, Bangalore

  6. But it is not all about Telecom Service India has done well as a Design House today TCOE Workshop

  7. India is already a Design house • Systems • Telecom MNCs design in India • Indian companies excel in providing design services • Sasken, Wipro Infosys, TCS, Tata LXI, Hughes • Telecom Start-ups (Beeceem and Telsima) sets their deign teams • Indian Product companies emerge (Tejas, Midas) • Semiconductors • More of semiconductor development in India by MNC • TI, ADI • Indian start-ups emerging (Cosmic, Redpine) • Multiple companies continue to provide design services TCOE Workshop

  8. India Amongst the Leaders COMSNET, Bangalore

  9. What does it take for India to become Technology Leader? Short-term goal of making royalty outflow negligible TCOE Workshop

  10. India imports most systems today • Except to a small extent from • Tejas Networks, Midas Communications, Telsima • Who own IPR for their products • IPR price for GSM (infrastructure / handset) even at this late stage of technology • Would be estimated at USD 15 per line • Embedded in price of components, systems, software • More for other systems • Seriously impacts CAPEX investment requirements and bottom line for operators • Typically four essential IPR in a standard can neutralize the royalty outflows from a country • Would still require business aspects to be sorted out TCOE Workshop

  11. To make India a leader inWireless Technology Broadband Wireless Consortium of India • India takes an initiative three years ago • to create a public-private organizationCenter of Excellence in Wireless Technology • Initially funded Government: industry = 2:1 • To be Lead by Academia • Attract top R&D talent from around the world • Drive Research towards IPR creation • Create a cluster of Industrial R&D around it and CEWiT initiates set up of Broadband Wireless Consortium of India (BWCI) • Telecom operators, Academia, Government / Regulators, Product Industry, Semiconductor Industry • To define and drive R&D and standardization to make India leader in wireless technology COMSNET, Bangalore

  12. CEWiT Objectives • Bring together wireless industry stake-holders • align their pre-competitive R&D efforts • Involve all IITs/IISc in the IPR-driven research effort • Focus on Next Generation Standards • Feed Indian requirements and specifications in International wireless Standards bodies • Conduct mission-oriented research towards IPR for 4G • Focus on Indian requirements (high system capacity) • Early technology trials of Indian-made prototypes along with industry • Work with regulators to anticipate issues related to spectrum / licensing COMSNET, Bangalore

  13. 4G Global standards activity IEEE802.16m WiMAX Sep 2007 4 G 3GPP LTE (rel. 8) 3GPP LTE-A 2Q08 3Q08 3GPP2 UMB 3Q08 1Q08 Circularletter Initialproposals IMT-Adv Oct 2009 deadline COMSNET, Bangalore

  14. India’s 4G Requirements • CeWiT+Broadband Wireless Consortium of India (BWCI) • Developed by Operators’ subgroup of BWCI • BWCI released document in Sept 2007 • Highlights important points of departure from international requirements • Primary broadband connection for the masses • Not just an additional mobility tool • Need sustained > 512 kbps per user • At mobile phone cost point • Indian cellular ecosystem is different • Urban cells ~ 200 – 800 m radius ; rural ~ 15 km • Spectrum per operator tight  need 1:1 re-use • Severely interference-limited • 85% usersnomadic and in-building  coverage an issue COMSNET, Bangalore

  15. Requirements derived out of business case for Broadband? BWCI • Typical scenarios evaluated by Indian operators • Technology must have sufficient coverage (up to 3 km) within regulatory constraints without capacity loss Wireless technology needs to support 500 to 800 Broadband subscribers /operator / cell • Dense Urban (Case: Mumbai) • 70% of 16M people: 600 sq Km • ~3733 households per sq km • ~50% wireless internet subscribers • ~ 1866 wireless internet/sq km • cell radius = 0.75 km • ~ 3300 subscribers/cell • Assuming 5 competitive operators • 660 subscribers/operator/cell • Urban (Case: Pune) • 70% of 4.2M people: 400 sq Km • ~1470 households per sq km • ~ 60% wireless internet subscribers • ~ 882 wireless internet/sq km • cell radius = 1 km • ~ 2800 subscribers/cell • Assuming 5 competitive operators i • ~560 subscribers/operator/cell

  16. What would a subscriber use? Sustained data rate per user (Kbps) Broadband Wireless Consortium of India

  17. India would need closer to 10 bps/Hz/cellas operators unlikely to get more than 10 MHz Bandwidth / service provider (MHz) time 512 kbps 1 Mbps COMSNET, Bangalore

  18. India Broadband Wireless Requirements • India Requirements presented to • 802.16m in Sept 2007 • LTE-A in April 2008 • Both bodies have included India-specific requirements • 85% users nomadic, in-building: Cell-edge users camp at cell-edge • Cell-edge user also needs >512 kbps • Without consuming all the spectrum resource • Cells as small as 200m radius: Increases cell-edge area • In-building users distributed vertically • Stronger interference at higher floors (not captured in typical path loss models) • Large rural cells Frequency re-use 1:1 COMSNET, Bangalore

  19. CEWiT’s R&D towards standards • CEWiT’s focus : significant improvement in cell-edge performance • With modest complexity in terminal • CEWiT responsible for focus on nomadic, cell-edge user in LTE-A and 802.16m • Several proposals in both standards Vision: Make 4G (starting with 3G) do for broadband in India what 2G did for telephony

  20. Some key proposals from CeWiT • New 2-D Phase Offset Diversity (2D POD) Scheme for 2-antenna and 4-antenna BTSs • Better than existing Alamouti code for cell-edge in terms of receiver implementation • Can suppress interference from neighboring BTSs with no additional complexity • Included in 802.16m SDD Text • detailed algorithm being incorporated in standard COMSNET, Bangalore

  21. Improving Cell Edge Performance • Conjugate Data Repetition (CDR) + 2D POD for cell edge downlink data • Equivalent to 1:2 re-use for select users • Better than 1:3 available now • Can suppress 1 - 4 interferers at 0 – 9 dB • Gives cell-edge performance much better than current target • Target kept low by vendors (resisted by operators) • Low target is a problem for Indian requirements • In principle acceptance for 802.16m SDD text COMSNET, Bangalore

  22. Key Proposals: ICIC • Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation (ICIC) • Low bit-rate, low latency links between neighboring BTSs used to implement BTS co-operation • Baseline for 802.16m and LTE-A is 2-antenna subscriber terminal • Combination of BTS co-operation and receiver processing to suppress up to 2 significant interferers (neighboring BTSs) • Ensures 1:1 re-use for nomadic cell-edge users • Needs channel information feedback from user terminals • Mobile users can use 1:2 re-use CDR+POD • Framework for ICIC implementation already in 802.16m as well as LTE COMSNET, Bangalore

  23. Other Proposals (contd.) • Better preamble for synchronization • Orthogonal pilots with PN cover • Pilot density reduction targeting low-mobility situation • Will result into higher payload • Relays for Coverage extension as well as data rate enhancement • CeWiT supported by Indian Operators • Also supported by Indian design house like TCS • As well as Indian operation of multinational companies like Samsung India COMSNET, Bangalore

  24. Achievements so far • Significant IPR created by CEWiT towards 4G • Overall goals of International standards bodies aligned with Indian requirements • Focus on cell edge, interference, nomadic users is due to India • 802.16m • At least two essential Indian contributions introduces in standards • Two more essential contributions under consideration • LTE-A • Four Indian contributions (essential category) in study phase TCOE Workshop

  25. Core Network, Services, Terminals • BWCI Working Group IV formed in 1Q08 • Mostly India-centric agenda • Some issues may need liason with 3GPP SA WG / Wimax Forum / NGN Forum / IEEE Ethernet • Agenda for 2009 • Evolved IP Services • Layer 3 Radio Protocols • Packet Transport Networks and Evolution • Indian language support on terminals • Efficient character-set for SMS • Standard keypad layout COMSNET, Bangalore

  26. BWCI timetable for 4G activities COMSNET, Bangalore

  27. Current Challenge for Indian Operators ProfitabilityCell phone in each village Broadband to each home TCOE Workshop

  28. Future Challenges for Opeartors • As telecom subscribers grow rapidly • Additions largely from tier 2 towns and rural areas • Falling Average Revenue per month (ARPU) • USD 4 per month • Lower CAPEX and OPEX • Lowest cost next generation broadband wireless network • Significant ARPU to neutralize royalty outflow • Design and Manufacturing in India • Reduce cost of equipment • Neutralize royalty outflow • Power Supply for Base Station dominate OPEX • More Services to drive ARPU • New voice based services • Mobile Payments TCOE Workshop

  29. Operator Needs Lower CapEx Future-proof, converged network Maximize the usage of current infrastructure Invest incrementally on existing network Lower OpEx Common, intelligent NMS: quick service turnup Lower Inventory cost (spares) Low power consumption Tejas Focus Next-gen SONET/SDH & Carrier Ethernet Products Enable Operators to build cost-effective, scalable networks with the lowest Total Cost of Ownership Tejas drives Optical Products to enable Networks for Cost-effective, Scalable Bandwidth Converged Networks- for Voice & Data Increasing tele-density and driving 2G to 3G/4G evolution New business services (Ethernet/virtual private lines) High capacity needs of Internet 2.0, Triple play etc. Network Trends COMSNET, Bangalore

  30. 2G/2.5G WIRELESS BACKHAUL BTS MOBILE TV/ APPLICATIONS 3G WIRELESS BACKHAUL TJ100ME (STM-4/16) TJ2030/TJ2050 (GIG-E) DXC CABLE IPTV TJ3000 (CWDM/DWDM) DSLAM TJ1600 (STM-16/64) ONLINE GAMING TJ100MC-16S/ MC-16X/ MC-16SP (STM-16 MADM) Complete range of Network products TJ2000 Series (Portfolio FY’09) • Carrier-Ethernet over Fiber for pure-data requirements • Same blades usable in MSPP products • 1Gbps Backhaul for Access Networks TJ100/TJ1000 Series (Portfolio FY’08) • NG-SDH MSPPs for Access/Aggregation • For TDM/Data-mixed applications TJ3000 (OEM Portfolio FY’09) • CWDM/DWDM for high-bandwidth metro core networks • Up to 80-channels per node TJ16xx (Portfolio FY’09) • STM-64 for Aggregation TJ17xx (Portfolio FY’10) • 80G and 160G optical cross-connects in Metro/regional Core Networks Core Aggregation Access COMSNET, Bangalore ENTERPRISE ETHERNET SERVICES

  31. Preparing for Tomorrow’s Cellular Infrastructure • Lower cost Base Stations • Low Power Base Stations • Next Generation Base Stations • Consisting of • Low Noise Amplifiers, Power Amplifiers, A/D and D/A • And so low power • Software driven base stations • So that new base stations become software change rather than hardware as new standards evolve • Fibre (with DWDM) backhaul carrying a digitized signals to central Base Station Processing unit (BSPU) • BSPU is Core Computing with parallel processing • Similar to that used today for billing, network management and customer care today COMSNET, Bangalore

  32. LightGSM: low cost low power base stations to reduce CAPEX / OPEX Expand coverage using LightGSM LightGSM hotspot on demand to cover a single village Existing towers for back haul from remote hotspots Use existing transport network for traffic aggregation LightGSM hot spots COMSNET, Bangalore

  33. 20-30 mtrs Rural Cell-Sites Cell – Site With AC Mains (4-8 hrs) Cell – Site Only on Solar Power COMSNET, Bangalore

  34. To drive ARPU up Come up with innovative services COMSNET, Bangalore

  35. Mobile Payment Forum of India Mobile Payment • MPFI - a forum to enable Mobile Banking in India • To allow a normal mobile phone user to transfer money (tentatively of up to USD 100) at minimum cost • Brings together Service Providers, Financial Inclusion Institutions, Academia and Regulators, Banks, Telecom Operators Operative Guidelinesfor the banks has been made operational from 1st week of October Started with 51 members, now over 109 members from over 50 organizations Working on Operative Guidelines for Financial Inclusion Planned: inter- working standards, KYC norms, Financial Inclusion, Cash Wallets etc. http://www.mpf.org.in COMSNET, Bangalore

  36. While world is focusing on data services • Driving voice based services • Rural India far more comfortable with voice • Not comfortable interacting with text • Back-end computer to interact with customers in natural language voice • Speech recognition • Text to Speech • Multi-language (14 languages and multiple dialects) • Voice based authentication • Voice Internet • Voice based Information System (web / private networks) • Voice based transaction system COMSNET, Bangalore

  37. What more will it take to obtain Tech Leaderhip? • Quality Faculty: 100 • Research Scholars: 300 • Industry: 10 • R&D personnel: 300 • State funding: USD 3-4/yr COMSNET, Bangalore

  38. To Sum Up • India takes first steps • To be amongst the technology leader • To enable reduce CAPEX / OPEX and enhance revenue for operators • Innovation needed COMSNET, Bangalore

  39. Some Issues associated with current Spectrum bidding Bid for 3G as well as BWA (4G) spectrum COMSNET, Bangalore

  40. Must avoid mistakes of Europe • Europe over-bid for 3G • Most operators became near bankrupt • Lost of trimming and mergers for survival • Service charges high • Slow take off • Indian operators must not over-bid • But at least five major private operators • Many more smaller ones • Bidding slots 2 – 4 frequency slots • Shortage may result in panic bidding • Solution • Find more spectrum • Allow sharing of spectrum COMSNET, Bangalore

  41. Some other issues • BWA spectrum bid claims technology neutrality • But does not regulate so that multiple operators can function with multiple technologies • could result into disputes and litigation later COMSNET, Bangalore

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