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Explore the essential aspects of the respiratory system with a focus on breathing functions, key organs like the nose, pharynx, and lungs, and the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract. Dive into respiration processes, from pulmonary ventilation to cellular exchange, and uncover the significance of this system in speech production, gas exchange, and various bodily functions. Enhance your understanding of how the respiratory system supports overall health and wellness.
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Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Marieb w Hoehn Chapter 22 Respiratory System Lecture 7 Part 1: Overview & Upper Respiratory System Anatomy
Lecture Overview • Overview of respiration • Functions of breathing • Organs of the respiratory system • Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchial tree • Lungs
Respiratory System Respiration (in the respiratory system) is the process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells. It consists of the following events (in the order you should know): • *pulmonary ventilation • *external respiration • transport • internal respiration • cellular respiration Functions of the respiratory system We breathe: 1. To provide O2 for cellular respiration and 2. To rid our bodies of CO2 (waste gas)
Other Functions of the Respiratory System • Speech and vocalization • Provides scaffold for sense of smell • Control of pH • Helps produce angiotensin II • Movement of blood and lymph • Useful in urination, defecation, and childbirth
Organs of the Respiratory System Upper respiratory tract – nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx (larynx – some texts) Lower respiratory tract – larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs Conducting portioncarries air; nose to the terminal bronchioles Respiratory portion exchanges gases; respiratory bronchioles and alveoli Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 ‘ynx’ pronounced like ‘inks’
Location of Lungs Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 Apex Base
Upper Respiratory Tract Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001 What types of epithelium would you expect to find? Why?
Anatomy of the Nasal Region Figures from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007 The nose: 1) warms, 2) cleans, and 3) humidifies air
Paranasal Sinuses Mucus membrane-lined, air-filled spaces in maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones that drain into the nasal cavity • Sinuses: • Reduce skull weight • Serve as resonating chambers Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001
Mucous in Respiratory Tract Respiratory mucosa lines the conducting passageways and is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying air. Cilia move mucus and trapped particles from the nasal cavity (>10 µm) to the pharynx, and lower respiratory tract (1-5 µm) to pharynx The Mucus Escalator Irritation of any sort greatly increases mucus production
Review • Respiration • The entire process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the body • Made up of five events • We breathe • To take in O2 • To eliminate CO2 • Organs of the respiratory tract • Upper; nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx • Lower; larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
Review • Functions of the nose/nasal cavity • Warm and humidify air • Trap particulate matter • Sinuses • Mucous-lined, air filled cavities; communicate with nasal cavity • Lighten skull and provide resonating chamber • Pharynx • Back of mouth (throat) • Passage of food/air; aids in speech
