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Circulatory Disorders & Technologies. Disorders: Hypertension Coronary Artery Disease - arteriosclerosis - atherosclerosis - angina - myocardial infarction 3) Stroke . Technologies: Angioplasty Angiogram Coronary Bypass Surgery CT / PET / MRI scans. Disorder #1: Hypertension.
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Circulatory Disorders & Technologies Disorders: Hypertension Coronary Artery Disease - arteriosclerosis - atherosclerosis - angina - myocardial infarction 3) Stroke • Technologies: • Angioplasty • Angiogram • Coronary Bypass Surgery • CT / PET / MRI scans
Disorder #1: Hypertension • = high blood pressure (consistently greater than 140/90) • Prolonged condition damage to heart & BV’s. • Can lead to more serious disorders (ex. Stroke) • Treated through diet, exerciser, weight control, & medication
Disorder #2: Coronary Artery Disease Arteriosclerosis = the loss of elasticity and hardening of the arteries, may be caused by hypertension, age, & plaque build-up. • Atherosclerosis = hardeningof arteries due to buildup of plaque (fatty deposits) on or inside the walls of these arteries. • Can occur anywhere in the body, but it’s called • “coronary artery disease” when it happens in the coronary arteries • Angina = pain in the chest, left shoulder, arm, or neck caused by insufficient blood supply to cardiac muscles • Often triggered by physical activity, which increases the demand for oxygen. • Sometimes mistaken for “heartburn”. • Treated with drug called nitroglycerin, which is a vasodilater (opens the coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the cardiac muscle).
Disorder #2: Coronary Artery Disease • Myocardial Infarction (aka “Heart Attack”) • = death of an area of cardiac muscle tissue due to oxygen deprivation (more severe form of angina). • Blood clot completely blocks a coronary artery resulting in cardiac muscle death. • Damaged heart cannot pump blood as efficientlycausing fatigue, dizziness, & chest tightness/pain. • Risk factors include age, smoking, poor diet, obesity, lack of exercise, stress, family history (genetics), & diabetes MOST RISK FACTORS CAN BE CONTROLLED!
Disorder #3: Stroke • Caused by a blockage of a BV going to the brain. • Symptoms vary depending on the part of the brain affected (i.e. Weakness, speech slurring, numbness on one side of body). • Can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle. • Can be treated with angioplasty.
Technology #1: Angioplasty • Opens a blocked artery • A small balloon is inserted through a catheter & inflated causing the narrowed artery to expand. • Stents sometimes used to ensure blocked artery remains open.
Technology #2: Angiogram • Cardiac Catheterization = the insertion of a long, thin tube called a “catheter” into the heart through an artery, usually the femoral (thigh) or brachial (upper arm). • Contrast dye, which is can be seen in x-rays, is then injected through the bloodstream. • A two-dimensional x-ray called an angiogram is taken, which shows the circulation of blood through the coronary arteries. • - Allows doctors to see which arteries are diseased.
Technology #3: Coronary Bypass Surgery A BV, usually a vein, is extracted from the patient’s leg. The vein is grafted (attached) to the blocked or narrowed coronary arteries This re-routes the blood flow & the heart is able to receive O2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZNQ0uliqHI
Technology #4: Body Scans • Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan • X-ray imaging produces cross-sectional images of a three-dimensional object. • Most commonly used diagnostic tool b/c they are widely accessible. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan - Produces cross-sectional images from gamma rays emitted by a radioactive tracer injected into body tissues. • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan • Uses radio waves & a magnetic field to produce still & video images inside the body. • Considered safer than CT & PET scans because they do not expose the patient to any radiation. • Unfortunately, very expensive to buy & operate.
