Modeling Navigation Channel Infilling and Migration at Tidal Inlets:

1. Modeling Navigation Channel Infilling and Migration at Tidal Inlets: Sensitivity To Waves And Tidal Prism Kenneth J. Connell

2. Morphologic Features of Navigable Tidal Inlets Assateague Island Ocean City Beaches WA Moriches Inlet, NY Ocean City Inlet, MD Bypassing Path Mouth of the Columbia River OR

3. Presentation Overview • Discussion of Scope and Methods • Presentation of some of the results obtained • Concluding remarks and significance of findings

4. Scope and Methods • Idealized simulations to examine 1st-order effects • Varied channel-bar systems • Sensitivity to wave forcing • Sensitivity to tidal prism forcing

5. Coastal Modeling System (CMS) Existing Alt 1 Alt 2 Alt 3 • 2-D and 3-D Numerical modeling at local- to regional-scale • coastal projects including: • Inlets • Navigation channels • Coastal structures Matagorda Ship Channel, TX Flood Current analysis of design alternatives Mouth of the Columbia River

6. CMS Capabilities Initial Forcing: Measured WSE, ADCIRC Tidal Constituent generated WSE, Wind, River input Hydrodynamic Module Hydro∆t CMS-M2D Circulation-Wave Steering interval CMS-M3D CMS-WABED or STWAVE Sediment transport∆t Sediment Transport Morphology Change Morphology∆t • CMS model interconnectivity - all supported within the SMS interface: • CMS-M2D (w/explicit and implicit modes) • CMS-WABED • CMS-M3D • STWAVE • ADCIRC • Efficient, high-resolution calculation of: • Hydrodynamic circulation & water level • Tide (including flooding & drying) • Waves • Wind forcing • Flow from river input • Advection • Storm surge and wave setup • Sediment Transport • Geomorphic evolution • Salinity

7. Model Domain

8. Initial Channels

9. Waves Wave Angle: 30

10. Results Wave Angle 30º Bay Barrier Island Barrier Island navigation channel infilling Ocean

11. 2 m Channel, Typical Waves

12. 4 m Channel, Typical Waves

13. 6 m Channel, Typical Waves

14. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Typical Waves

15. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Storm Waves

16. 2 m Channel with Reduced Bay Area,Typical Waves

17. 6 m Channel, No Waves(Tide Only)

19. Concluding Remarks • Morphologic features systematically linked to channel morphology • Storm condition bypassing occurs at greater depths due to increased depth of closure under the large wave regime • Numerical modeling of channel infilling, migration, and sediment bypassing is becoming more reliable

20. Acknowledgements • PIANC USA • John Paul Woodley, Jr. – Chairman • Major General Don T. Riley – President • Bruce Lambert – Secretary • Edmond J. Russo, Jr. – Publications Chairman • Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) • Nicholas C. Kraus – Program Manager • Jack Davis, Jim Clausner – Technical Directors

21. Wave Angle 30º Bay Barrier Island Barrier Island Thank You! navigation channel infilling Ocean

27. Cohesive Transportin Navigation Channels Turbidity maximum water surface freshwater discharge flocculation salt water intrusion Fluff impedes navigation bed Channel Bed Hindered settling ‘fluff layer’ Important considerations in bays and sheltered areas were fine material is source of channel infilling Matagorda Ship Channel, TX

28. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Shore Normal Waves

29. 2 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Shore Normal Waves

30. 6 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Typical Waves

31. 6 m Channel, Storm Waves

32. 6 m Channel with Equilibrium Bar, Storm Waves

33. 2 m Channel, Storm Waves