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Scenario Reference Book 2 Part 17 Dynamic Threat Assessment, Ahurastan, Part 1

Scenario Reference Book 2 Part 17 Dynamic Threat Assessment, Ahurastan, Part 1. Define the Battle Space Environment. Orientation. Straight line distances and in kilometers. 100. 185. 66. 266. 232. 172. 230. 74. 208. Orientation. Straight line distances and in miles . 62. 115.

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Scenario Reference Book 2 Part 17 Dynamic Threat Assessment, Ahurastan, Part 1

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  1. Scenario Reference Book 2Part 17Dynamic Threat Assessment, Ahurastan, Part 1

  2. Define the Battle Space • Environment

  3. Orientation Straight line distances and in kilometers 100 185 66 266 232 172 230 74 208

  4. Orientation Straight line distances and in miles 62 115 41 165 144 107 147 46 129

  5. Describe the Battlefield • Effects

  6. Terrain

  7. OAKOC Factors • OBSTACLES • * Kura river >50 meters wide • * Irrigation network / swamps • * High tension power lines • AVENUE OF APPROACH • * Generally limited to the road network • KEY TERRAIN • * Dams on the Mingechaur Reservoir • * Bridges and Crossing Sites on Kura River • OBSERVATION/FIELDS OF FIRE • * Observation for Air and Land forces is excellent in the plains • * Maximum range for direct fire weapons • COVER AND CONCEALMENT • * Limited due to lack of overhead cover • * Improves in higher elevations

  8. Relief

  9. Relief 17-9

  10. Relief 17-10

  11. THE CAUCASUS REGION – RELIEF FEATURES http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth/caucasus_region_1994.jpg 17-11

  12. Hydrology Mingechaur T’BILISI BAKU KIROVBAD YEVLAKH KHANKENDI • Hydrology the main obstacle • Extensive canal system / swamps • Levies and berms >3m in height • Kura river banks >45% slope 17-12

  13. Vegetation KUTASI POTI T’BILISI KOPITNARI BATUMI BAKU KIROVBAD YEVLAKH KHANKENDI • Agriculture in the plains • Deciduous/mixed in the mountains • Concealment poor in plains • Concealment fair in mountains Forested Area Agriculture Grassland Swamp River Built-Up Area 17-13

  14. 17-14

  15. Kura River Major Oil Structure Pipelines Pumping Stations - P1 Sangachaly Terminal - P2 Yevlakh (not shown) 17-15

  16. Caspian Sea Oilfields/Pipelines 17-16

  17. Caspian Sea Oilfields/Pipelines 17-17

  18. 17-18

  19. Azerbaijan Political Rayons (Provinces) Map from AZLander , quarterly publication of Peace Corps Azerbaijan 17-19

  20. Civilian Considerations 17-20

  21. Ethnicity NAGORNO-KARABAKH 17-21

  22. Major Clans/Ethnic Groups Avar Shekilar Lezgin Mingechevir Agsalvarlilara Bozbashilarar Khojaly Bilasuvar Nakhchivan Talysh 17-22

  23. POPULATIONS IN POSSIBLE COMBAT AREAS GANJA 305,600 (2d Largest Town) MINGECHAUR 95,300 (4th Largest Town) Baku 1,873,600 BARDA Estimated 37,900 YEVLAKH 54,200 Al Bayramli 68,700 AGDAM Estimated 39,200 Imisli 31,700 Salyan 36,200 Bilasuvar 18,600 17-23

  24. 17-24

  25. Projected DC camps that will require relocation due to hostilities 17-25

  26. 17-26

  27. 17-27

  28. 17-28

  29. Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society – AzRC International Federation of the Red Cross – IFRC Human Appeal International – HAI International Rescue Committee – IRC HAYAT (Life) Azerbaijan - HAYAT United Methodist Committee on Relief - UMCOR Oxford Committee for Famine and Relief – OXFAM International Organization for Migration - IOM International Relief and Development – IRD Children`s Aid Direct - CAD Global Care 17-29

  30. Civilian Considerations • Azerbaijan's 8 million population is 53% urban, mostly workers in the petroleum and chemical industries • Ethnic Composition. Azerbaijanis 83%, Russian 6%, Armenian 6%, Other 5% • Religion. Shi’a Muslim 93.4%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, & Other 1.8% • Currently do not know if area is still inhabited • Expect Ahurastan to use refugees & dislocated civilians to disrupt allied operations by causing congestion on LOCs • Ahurastan forces will place their units in built up areas and use the population as human shields • Ahurastan uses Displaced Civilians' as human shields in both the attack and the defense 17-30

  31. Infrastructure 17-31

  32. CASPIAN Terrain Analysis • Poti SPOD • Approval for use of Berths 4-5 (1140 ft) & Berths 9-10 (1440 ft). Berths are equipped with portal cranes with a tonnage capacity from 6 to 40 tons & are linked by rail. Port was dredged to 40 ft. • MIKHA TSKHAKAYA (POTI) APOD: • C-17, C130 • Daylight VFR Only K K D D MSR : Asphalt; 4 Lane Rail: New line from Tbilisi to Baku Grozny • TBILISI lochini APOD • All Airframe Capable • 24 Hour Ops • Batumi SPOD: • Approval for use of Berth 7 (863 ft) & Berths 8-9 (1260 Ft). • Batumi APOD: • C-17,C-130, KC-10, KC-135 Capable • 24 Hour Ops • BAKU APOD • All Airframe Capable • Daylight VFR Only Ganja Obstacles - Trans Caucus Range Kura River waterways limits MSR + X Sites Ave of Approach - APODs/ SPODs/ MSR and RR wide gage Key Terrain - Ports of Poti/ Batumi for deployment/log; Tbilisi- for log/C2; Kura river- AH offensive ops crossing sites; Baku- for possible AH Mil end state Observation/FOF-very good for coalition forces south of Kura river; Mtn ranges provide ample OPs West of Baku, good for SAPA on MSRs Cover/Concealment -initially good for the AH in AA’s Excellent for ambush’s on MSR AA2; SAPA in human pop Yerevan Kura River Nakhchivan Ardabil 1-1 17-32

  33. Strategic Seaports Poti Batumi • 15 berths • Dredged to 40 feet • Has open and closed storage facilities • 10 warehouses • 11 berths • Max draft 39 feet • Has open and closed storage facilities 17-33

  34. Port of Poti • Port has 15 berths, overall length 9416 feet. Port was dredged to 40 feet. Class V shipments restricted to small arms only (HC 1.4, 1.5, & 1.6). • The outer breakwater efficiently protects the port allowing 365 vessel and cargo handling days per years. 17-34

  35. Poti Red = Rail 17-35

  36. POTI 17-36

  37. Poti Open Storage Areas The Port of Poti has open storage areas in each of the berths totaling about 9.2 acres (398,900 sq ft). However, at any given time, each of these areas may be filled with commercial cargo. 17-37

  38. Poti Intermodal Capability • Cranes: up to 60 STON capacity • Intermodal site at berth 7 • Mitsubishi contracted to • build new container complex • 11 berths direct access to rail • 8 Diesel Rail Engines on Port 17-38

  39. Port of Batumi • The Port of Batumi is in southwest Georgia on the Black Sea. It is about 12 miles (20 km) north of the Turkish border. • Batumi is a multipurpose cargo port with a total land area of over 2,394,432 square feet. • Most of the cargo handled is petroleum product and heavy/oversized cargo that must be transported to and from the port by rail. Additionally, the port is a passenger hub for cruise vessels and ferry service. • Batumi benefits from a protected harbor and tidal variation of less than 2 feet. • The port has limited experience in handling military vehicles, equipment, and helicopters. • Class V shipments restricted to 100K pounds Net Explosive Weight (NEW). 17-39

  40. Batumi Sea Trading Port Oil Berths 1-3 Container Berths 4-5 Rail Ferry Berth 6 Berths 10-11 Berth 7 Berths 8-9 17-40

  41. Batumi Open Storage Areas The port has limited open storage area. Cargo will have to be prepared and moved out of the port as soon as possible. 17-41

  42. Constanza, Romania Iskenderun, Turkey Alternate Ports if required 17-42

  43. Rail Ferry Service • Constanza RO • Varna BG • Ilichevsk RS • Dedicated Ferry Vessels • 8 Vessels in operation • Up to 85 railcars/ferry, or • 80 trucks • SPOE Bogie-Swap systems 17-43

  44. Airfield/Ports Port C-5 Capable C-17 Capable C-130 or UNK KUTASI POTI T’BILISI KOPITNARI BATUMI KIROVABAD YEVLAKH BAKU KHANKENDI • 2 Ports RO/RO capable • 24 C-17 Airfields • 5 C-5 Airfield 17-44

  45. Airfields 17-45

  46. Airfields – Cont’d 17-46

  47. Georgia Road Overview The highway height limit for most roads is 165 inches, however, there are several overpasses on the main road between Poti and Tbilisi that limit the height to 157 inches. The roads are mostly two lanes, one lane in each direction, with widths of 147.6 inches. The Georgian roads were originally built to Soviet standards, which were designed for lower traffic volumes. The standards have since been revised, and currently the Georgian government is constructing and upgrading roadways to Western Europe standards. Currently, the only four lanes divided roads in Georgia are in Tbilisi. The major roads are category II roads, with one lane in each direction, and with no limited access. A third category of roads support the regional and local traffic networks. These roads are built to lower standards than the national category of roads. The speed limit on Georgian highways is 30 mph urban and 54 mph rural. 17-47

  48. Georgia Rail Overview The rail in Georgia connects the ports with the capital and rail spurs also go into most regions of Georgia. The Georgian Railroad links up with the Armenia and Azerbaijan Railroad networks. The rail system was constructed to the same gauge as Russia (1520mm) (Eastern European gauge). The railway infrastructure is owned by Georgia and controlled, maintained, and managed by the Ministry of Transportation. The operating company is Georgian Railway LTD, which owns the locomotives and railcars. Railcars from other countries are permitted on the Georgian rail system, and Georgian railcars are permitted in other countries by interchange agreement. See Azerbaijan Rail for information on KATB rail line. 17-48

  49. 17-49

  50. Azerbaijan Railways • Azerbaijan State Railway (ADDY - Azerbaycan Doövlet Demir Yolu), known as Azerail, operates the rail network. • Azerbaijan has 2,125 kilometers of rail lines, excluding several small industrial lines. Most lines are 1.520 meter broad gauge, and the principal routes are electrified (1,278km). The car inventory totals 25,438. The company has 252 locomotives, 280 engines, and 76 electro-sections. Except for a few locomotives that are repaired out of the country, Azerail now does most of its own maintenance work. • One of the two main lines parallels the Caspian Sea coast from Russia to Iran before heading west to Turkey, & the other closely parallels Route M27 from Baku to the Georgian border. A major spur also parallels the highway to Khankendi. Another smaller rail line begins just west of Baku and hugs the Iranian border to provide the only rail link to Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan. Passenger service from Baku to Yerevan has been suspended. In 1994 passenger service from Baku to Iran also was halted. • From Baku there are train connections with Tbilisi in Georgia and Derbent in Dagestan (Russian Federation), as well as Moscow, Rostov, Kiev, Kharkiv (Ukraine), Brest (Belarus) and other major cities in the CIS. • Azerail’s hopes laid in the rehabilitation of the historic "Silk Road" rail transport corridor. Under the European Union’s TACIS (Technical Assistance to the CIS countries) umbrella, the multi-nation TRACECA ("Transport Corridor - Europe - Caucasus - Asia") transportation infrastructure program has reconstructed and modernized the existing line from Akhalkalaki on to T’bilisi and Baku. 98 kilometers (61 mi) of new line has been built between Kars and Akhalkalaki, with 68 kilometers (42 mi) within Turkey and 30 kilometers 19 mi) in Georgia. The existing line from Akhalkalaki on to T’bilisi and Baku was modernized. This new line has the capacity to haul 15 million ton goods per year. • There are 13 hospitals at the disposal of the railway, with a capacity to treat 1,800 patients simultaneously. The company also has two polyclinics, six ambulance stations, and 60 medical teams. 17-50

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