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Polar or Nonpolar

Polar or Nonpolar. Polar. What is polar? An uneven distribution of charge. What makes a bond polar? The electrons are share unequally. Polar vs Nonpolar Molecules. A polar molecule is an molecule with an asymmetric shape or bonds.

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Polar or Nonpolar

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  1. Polar or Nonpolar

  2. Polar • What is polar? • An uneven distribution of charge. • What makes a bond polar? • The electrons are share unequally

  3. Polar vs Nonpolar Molecules • A polar molecule is an molecule with an asymmetric shape or bonds. • Bent and trigonal Pyramidal shaped molecule are asymmetrical • Ex: H H C Cl H ●● H N H H ●● ●● ●●

  4. Polar vs Nonpolar Molecules • A nonpolar molecule will be symmetrical in BOTH shape and bonds. • The bonds should all be to the same element. • Ex: H H C H H ●● ●● O C O ●● ●●

  5. Polar vs Nonpolar Molecules • Are the following molecules polar or nonpolar? • SiF4 • SH2 • HCN • CS2

  6. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction • Intermolecular forces of attractions: Attractions between molecules • These attractions are what hold molecules together to be a solid or a liquid. If the intermolecular force of attraction is very weak you will have a gas.

  7. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction • If your molecule is polar you need to see if it has any H-N, H-O or H-F bonds. • If it has any of those bonds it will have hydrogen bonding as its intermolecular force of attraction. • If it does not it will have dipole-dipole.

  8. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction • Both hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole work the same way but hydrogen bonding is significantly stronger. • Polar molecules have dipoles which puts a slight negative (δ-) and positive (δ+) charges on different sides of the molecule. • Lone pairs on the center atom are always δ- if there are no lone pairs then the most electronegative bonded atoms is δ-. The other bonded atoms on the center atom is δ+

  9. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction H H C Cl H ●● ●● O H H δ+ δ- δ+ δ- δ+ ●● δ+ ●● ●● δ+

  10. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction • The attraction between the dipoles are what holds the molecules together to be a solid or liquid

  11. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction • Nonpolar molecules are help by London dispersion forces • London dispersion forces are very weak and these molecules tend to be gases. • London dispersion forces result from one molecule getting an instantaneous dipole from the random movement of electrons inducing another molecule to also get a dipole.

  12. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Is the molecule polar? Yes No Does it have H-N, H-O, or H-F bonds? London Dispersion Forces Yes No Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole

  13. What Type or Attraction? • NH3 • CH2O • CF4 • SBr2

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