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Beyond Borders

Beyond Borders. A profile of trafficking to the UK from Nigeria Jenny Pennington: Researcher IPPR. Overview. Background The research study Profile of trafficking, trafficked people, traffickers, wider pop. Lessons for policy. Background to the study.

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Beyond Borders

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  1. Beyond Borders A profile of trafficking to the UK from Nigeria Jenny Pennington: Researcher IPPR

  2. Overview • Background • The research study • Profile of trafficking, trafficked people, traffickers, wider pop. • Lessons for policy

  3. Background to the study • Identification that this was a significant issue • Concerns about the response • Commitment to preventative approach • Research and policy gaps

  4. The study • Carried out in partnership with Eaves and the dRPC • Life-history interviews with forty people who had been trafficked from Nigeria to the UK • Interviews with stakeholders in Nigeria and the UK • Representative poll of the Nigerian population n=1098

  5. Profile of trafficking • Journey: directly to the UK (not overland or via EU) • Type: indistinct, domestic work and sexual exploitation • Location: ‘Hidden’: exploitation in private homes, hotels Trafficked as child Trafficked as adult

  6. Profile of trafficked people • Female: 39 women and one man • Young: average of 19 y/o • Locally concentrated: Southern Nigeria, also Abuja and Sokoto • Particularly vulnerable group: • Childhood vulnerability: 38% orphaned, 70% grew up outside family • Gender based violence: 33% sexual assault, 15% forced marriage • Experienced trafficking as a continuation of abuse and disempowerment: • 28% internally trafficked before leaving for Europe • 80% played no part in ‘decision’

  7. Profile of traffickers • Familiarity between traffickers and trafficked people • Few long strings, evidence of networks • Involvement of parents, churches, community leaders, border guards • Linked • Recruiter known to their community, (family member or friend). Often passed on to different exploiter • 16 • Direct • Known to the victim directly, a family member or family friend. Recruited and exploited by same trafficker • 14 • Stranger • Not known to victim or their community • 10

  8. Awareness among wider population • Awareness of trafficking is high: 78% had heard of the term ‘trafficking in persons’, 59% felt they knew what it meant • High sense of personal resilience: 34% agreed that it was ‘easy to live a good life in Europe’, 36% disagreed but felt it was ‘worth travelling to Europe despite risks’, 60% of parents ‘would send their child to Europe if offered the opportunity’

  9. Lessons for policy Addressing trafficking in Nigeria • Acknowledge the broad dynamics of trafficking • Recognise the limits of awareness raising • Provide protection from violence and take action on child protection Addressing trafficking in the UK • Target abuse rather than networks Addressing trafficking transnationally • Take initial steps through building a shared understanding • Act local not international

  10. Lessons for policy Addressing trafficking in Nigeria • Review DfID plans, fund refuge accommodation, support training on child protection • Awareness campaigns that target communities Addressing trafficking in the UK • Appoint local champions • Re-establish domestic worker route Addressing trafficking transnationally • Clarify the role of NAPTIP – coordinate, not reintegration • Appoint independent rapporteur

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