Unlocking Deutero-Pauline Epistles: 2016 Institute Session Guide

1. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles WELCOMEtoCBISA 2015-18Catholic Bible Institute of Southern Arizona Feb. 20, 2016Deutero-Pauline Epistleshttps://www.diocesetucson.org/pastoral-service/cbisa/

2. Both by Allan Hunt, Ph.D. (NT, Yale) • Donation Requested: $5 each Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Books of the Month:

3. Kyrie Eléison /ChristeEléison /Kyrie Eléison • 2 Thess 2:15-17 • Col 3:12-13 • Eph 5:1-2 • 1 Tim 1:15-17 • 2 Tim 2:3 • Titus 3:8-9 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Opening Prayer:

4. 8:30 [Saturday Mass in OMOS Church – optional] 9:00 Gathering; Handouts; Refreshments 9:15 Welcome & Opening Prayer 9:30Session 1 (10:30 Q&A and/or Table-Group Discussions) 10:45 Break 11:00 Session 2 (12:00 Q&A and/or Table-Group Discussions) 12:30 Lunch 1:30 Session 3(2:30 Q&A and/or Table-Group Discussions) 2:45 Break 3:00 Session 4(4:00 Q&A and/or Table-Group Discussions) 4:20 Final Announcements & Closing Prayer 4:30 Clean-up & Departure Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Daily Schedule (Gray HO < Aug.)

5. Reflection Paper, e-mailed to your reader by Jan. 30: • On 1Thess 2–3, orPhil 2, or1Cor 15, orRom 11 • Follow Guidelines from Lilac Handout from August Readings for Today, Feb. 20: Deutero-Pauline Epistles • BIBLE: 2 Thess, Col, Eph, 1 & 2 Tim, Titus • BROWN: Chapters 25–31 • RALPH: Chapters 16–21 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Year 1 Syllabus(Salmon HO from Aug.)

6. 2nd Sunday of LENT: Transfiguration Pope Francis’ Pilgrimage to Mexico US Primary Elections Tucson Rodeo! Feb. 20-28 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Our Context

7. Selections from Deutero-Pauline Epistles: 2nd Readings in Ord. Time, esp. Year C See JANUARY Handout Packet, pp. 2-3 Titus also Xmas Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Dt-Paulines in Lectionary

8. Turn to ONE neighbor (or at most two), and briefly share: What were your overall impressions as you read the Letters covered today? What stood out for you or surprised you? How did reading these Letters affect you? Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Initial Sharing in Pairs

9. Definitions, Purpose, Examples • Writings Attributed to Paul: • Letter vs. Epistles; to Cmty vs. Indiv. • seven “Undisputed”; six “Disputed” • but all still “Canonical” • Example: • Contrast 1 Thess and 2 Thess Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Session 1: Pseudepigraphy

10. Jan. 16, 2016 – Life & Letters of St. Paul NT Letters & Epistles • Definitions: • Letter – personal, actually sent to indiv. or cmty • Epistle – more formal, literary text, like “encyclical” • Distinctions: • Pauline – written by (or attributed to) St. Paul • Undisputed (authentic) vs. Disputed (deutero-Pauline) • Pastoral Letters; Letters from Prison • Catholic – written by other apostles TO broader groups • Hebrews, James, 1/2 Peter, 1/2/3 John, Jude

11. Letters to Communities: Romans (16 / 7111) 1 Corinthians (16 / 6829) 2 Corinthians(13 / 4477) Galatians (6 / 2230) Ephesians (6 / 2422) Philippians (4 / 1629) Colossians (4 / 1582) 1 Thessalonians (5 / 1481) 2 Thessalonians(3 / 823) Letters to Individuals: 1 Timothy (6 / 1591) 2 Timothy (4 / 1238) Titus (3 / 659) Philemon (1 / 335) A sermon related to, but not written by Paul: Hebrews (13 / 4953) Pauline Letters in Canonical Order

12. ~AD 50-52: 1 Thessalonians (also 2 Thessalonians?) • ~AD 53-57: 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Philippians, Philemon, & Galatians(earlier?) • ~AD 58-60: Romans (also Colossians?) • ~AD 62-67? – Martyrdom of St. Paul • ~AD 62-85: Ephesians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy & Titus • Probably pseudepigraphic (written by followers after his death) • Also 2 Thessalonians & Colossians? Paul’s Lettersin Chronological Order?

13. What is “Pseudepigraphy”? • Greek pseudo = “false”; • epi = “over”; graphē = “writing”; epi-graph = “superscript, title” • So pseudepigraphy = “false attribution of authorship” or “falsely attributing a writing to someone different from the actual author.” • A pseudepigraphicwork is composed as if it were written by a person from the past (the “attributed author”), while the actual author was someone else (usually anonymous). • The attributed author is usually either a famous person from the remote past, or the actual author’s own teacher (after his death). • These should not be called “false writings”; pseudepigraphy says nothing about the value of the work's content, but merely about the attributed authorship. • These are also different from “pseudonymous” works (“pseudonym” = “false name”), in which an author uses a fictitious name to conceal his/her own identity. • Pseudepigraphy was a commonly accepted practice in the ancient world, unless it was recognized as a deliberate deception. • In modern understanding it would be considered “creative writing” at best, or “plagiarism” or “forgery” at worst. • Our modern emphasis on “historical accuracy” leads us to ask: Who actually wrote this work? Who was the main or final author? • The ancient world had a broader sense of “authorship,” involving many more people in oral and written stages over the course of time. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Pseudepigraphy - Definition

14. Why was it done? • Cultural presupposition in ancient/biblical times: old is good, so the older the better; anything new is questionable or suspect. • This contrasts strongly with our modern mentality: new is good, so the newer the better; old things are defunct or worthless. • So if an ancient author claimed something was “brand new” or an “original idea,” few people would pay attention. • But if he passed on what his teacher said (who had learned it from even earlier teachers), then more people would be interested. • Writing in the name of a famous personage or authoritative teacher stresses the unity of the later “actual author” with the earlier “attributed author.” • It also stressed continuity, by carrying a tradition forward and adapting/applying it to new historical circumstances. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Pseudepigraphy - Purpose

15. A large collection of “Letters of Socrates” were composed as if written by Socrates himself (5th century BC); • but they actually originated in the first century AD, as a way for philosophers of the Roman era to continue and adapt the teachings of that ancient Greek philosophical master. • The “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” includes dozens of works attributed to such biblical characters as Enoch, Isaiah, Ezra, Baruch, etc.; • but they were actually composed between about 200 BC and 200 AD, many centuries after these characters lived. • The “New Testament Apocrypha” includes dozens of writings (Gospels, Acts, Epistles, etc.) attributed to the first apostles of Jesus; • but they were actually written several decades or centuries later, either by the followers of the apostles or by later generations of Christians. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Pseudepigraphy - Examples

16. For two letters, scholars divide about 50/50 • about 50% think they were written by Paul himself; other 50% think they are “pseudepigraphic”(written later by a follower of Paul): • If 2 Thessalonians is authentic, Paul prob. wrote it soon after 1 Thess (to correct misunderstandings of 1 Thess), since it is so similar in form & content. • If Colossians is authentic, Paul prob. wrote it near the end of his life (after years in prison), since its theology is so different from Paul's earlier letters. • If either/both are pseudepigraphic, then they were prob. written in the last decades of 1st century. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Six “Disputed Letters”

17. For the other four, about 80% of scholars think they were not written by Paul himself, but by one of his followers after his death: • Ephesians – almost definitely a later expansion of Colossians, since they are so similar in structure and theology, but quite different from Paul's earlier letters; Ephesians was probably written to serve as a “cover letter” for an early collection of Pauline letters. • Pastoral Epistles (1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus) – most likely written late 1st century by member(s) of the “Pauline School” (his followers) who wanted to adapt his teachings to changing circumstances. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Six “Disputed Letters”

18. Note: Judging a particular letter to be pseudepigraphic does not mean it is less valuable than other letters, but only that it was written later by someone else. • All thirteen of the letters attributed to Paul are still considered “canonical”; all still part of the Bible and foundational for the Christian Church. • But distinguishing letters by actual authorship allows scholars to see the development of early Christian theology and practice more clearly. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Six “Disputed Letters”

19. Definitely not by Paul • Not even explicitly attributed to him. • For centuries, it was counted as 14th work in Pauline corpus, mainly because the ending mentions Timothy (see Heb 13:23). • Contrary to all other letters & epistles, the opening of Hebrews doesn’t name its author. • Literary genre: Heb is not really a “letter”; rather, a “homily” (scripture-based sermon). Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Hebrews?

20. Structure of Ancient Letters(HO, pp. 21-24)

21. Similar to Authentic/Undisputed Letters • See JANUARY Handouts, p. 23 • Slight Differences: • “Recipients” more general: “saints” • “Formulaic Greeting” longer in 1 & 2 Tim • “Thanksgiving” missing in 1 Tim & Titus • “Postscript” often missing • “Concluding Prayer” often shorter Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles STRUCTURE of Letters

22. What differences do you see in the Eschatology of 1 Thess and 2 Thess? Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Table-Group Discussions

23. What will happen at "the end"? Who is involved? How is Jesus involved? • When will it happen? Will the timing be unexpected or predictable? • How will it all happen? Will anything come before the end? • Are there contradictions btw 1 Thess & 2 Thess on these points, or just differences in emphasis? • Could both 1 Thess and 2 Thess be written by Paul himself, or must 2 Thess be pseudepigraphic? Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Comparing 1 Thess & 2 Thess:

24. Authorship, Authenticity, Dating • Contrasts with Early/Undisputed Letters of Paul • Prayers: • Col 1:9-14; Eph 1:15-23 • Hymns: • Col 1:15-20; Eph 3:14-21 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Session 2: Intro to Col & Eph

25. What are your favorite “quotable quotes” from Col and Eph? Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Table-Group Discussions #2:

26. Friendship • Fellowship • F O O D ! Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles LUNCH Break

27. Username: student Password: scripture [all lower-case] Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles FJ’s Website: Restricted Sections

28. Virtue & Vice Lists: • Col 3:1-17; Eph 4:17—5:21 • Household Codes: • Col 3:18—4:1; Eph 5:22—6:9 • Military Imagery in Eph 6:10-20 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Session 3: Ethics in Col & Eph

29. Are the NT Household Codes still relevant for us today? Why? HOW? Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Table/Group Discussions

30. 1 Tim, 2 Tim, Titus • Definitions: “Pastoral” and “Pastoral” • Literary Genres: “Church Orders” and “Testaments” • Authorship, Authenticity, Dating, Sequence • Similarities and Differences in Leadership Roles in the Early Church Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Session 4: Intro to Pastorals

31. See JANUARY Handouts, p. 9 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Who Were Timothy & Titus?

32. (26x in NT); Co-author and/or deliverer of six of Paul's letters (2Cor; Phil; Col; 1Thess; 2Thess; Phlm); addressee of two other (probably deutero-Pauline) letters (1Tim & 2Tim). From Lystra in Lycaonia; Greek father, Jewish-Xn mother (Acts 16:1; 2Tim 1:5) Joins Paul ca. 49/50 AD and works with him throughout his life. Paul(?) commends Timothy's sincere faith; the same as was also alive in Timothy's grandmother Lois and mother Eunice (2Tim 1:5). Paul calls him "my beloved & faithful child in the Lord" (1Cor 4:17; cf. 1Tim 1:2; 2Tim 1:2), "our brother" (1Thess 3:2; 2Cor 1:1; Col 1:1; Phlm 1), "a servant of Christ Jesus" (Phil 1:1), and "our/my co-worker" (1Thess 3:2; Rom 16:21). He was with Paul & Silvanus founding churches in Philippi, Thessalonica, & Corinth (2Cor 1:19; Acts 16:1--18:11); also later when Paul traveled around the Aegaen Sea and to Jerusalem (Acts 19:22; 20:4; Rom 16:21). Sent as Paul's emissary to revisit the Christians in various provinces, esp. Macedonia (1Thess 3:1-6; Phil 2:19-24) and Achaia (1Cor 4:17; 16:10-11). Acc. to 1 Tim, Paul had Timothy stay in Ephesus to guide and teach the church there (1Tim 1:1-3; 4:11-16). Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles TIMOTHY - Paul's closest assistant

33. One of Paul's closest associates, mentioned 13x in Pauline and deutero-Pauline letters (but curiously never in Acts). • Gentile convert to Christianity; accompanies Barnabas & Paul to the Jerusalem Council; although he is an uncircumcised Greek, he is not compelled to be circumcised (Gal 2:1-3). • Paul tells the Corinthians that Titus is "my brother" (2Cor 2:13) and "my partner and co-worker for you" (8:23). • Titus later serves as Paul's messenger to Christian communities in Macedonia and Achaia, esp. Corinth (2Cor 7:5--8:24; 12:18). • May also have preached in Dalmatia (modern Albania & Bosnia; 2Tim 4:10), • Acc. to one of the Pastoral Letters, Paul left Titus on Crete to organize and appoint leaders for the churches there (Tit 1:4-5). Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles TITUS – another close associate

34. AFTER Session: Writing Assignment • Monthly ONE-page Reflection Paper • Email to your “Reader” within TWO weeks • BEFORE next Session: Reading Assignments • BIBLE: New Testament itself • Textbooks: • M.N. Ralph, A Walk through the NT • R. Brown, Introduction to the NT • K. Aland, Synopsis of the Four Gospels Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Monthly Assignments (Lilac HO)

35. Reflection Paper, e-mail your reader by March 5: • Choose Col 1, orEph 4, or1 Tim 3–4, or2 Tim 2 • Follow Guidelines from Lilac Handout from August Readings for March 19:“Hebrews & Catholic Epistles” • BIBLE: Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, Jude • BROWN: Chapters 12–14 & 32–36 • RALPH: Chapters 22–27 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Year 1 Syllabus(Salmon HO from Aug.)

36. Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Monthly Reflection Papers (Lilac)

37. Ephesians 6:10-18 Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Closing Prayer:

38. Happy Lent! and Tucson Rodeo Days! See you on March 19, 2016 (Catholic Epistles) Feb. 20, 2016 – Deutero-Pauline Epistles Departure