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Microcontrollers vs. General-Purpose Microprocessors: A Comparative Overview

Explore the differences between microcontrollers and general-purpose microprocessors, including features, advantages, and applications. Learn about embedded systems, 8051 microcontrollers, and criteria for selecting the right microcontroller.

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Microcontrollers vs. General-Purpose Microprocessors: A Comparative Overview

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  1. CHAPTER 1 THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLERS

  2. Microcontroller vs. General-Purpose Microprocessor • General-purpose microprocessors have • No RAM • No ROM • No I/O ports • Microcontrollers have • CPU (microprocessor) • RAM • ROM • I/O ports

  3. Microcontroller vs. General-Purpose Microprocessor (cont.) • Timer • ADC and other peripherals

  4. Microcontroller vs. General-Purpose Microprocessor (cont.) • General-purpose microprocessors • Must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers externally to make them functional • Make the system bulkier and much more expensive • Have the advantage of versatility on the amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports

  5. Microcontroller vs. General-Purpose Microprocessor (cont.) • Microcontroller • The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports makes them ideal for many applications in which cost and space are critical • In many applications, the space it takes, the power it consumes, and the price per unit are much more critical considerations than the computing power

  6. Microcontrollers for EmbeddedSystems • An embedded product uses a microprocessor (or microcontroller) to do one task and one task only • There is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM • A PC can be used for any number of applications • It has RAM memory and an operating system that loads a variety of applications into RAM and lets the CPU run them

  7. Microcontrollers for EmbeddedSystems (cont.) • A PC contains or is connected to various embedded products • Each one peripheral has a microcontroller inside it that performs only one task • Home • Appliances, telephones, security systems, TVs, video games, cellular phones, camera • Office • Telephones, computers, fax, laser printer

  8. x86 PC Embedded Applications • Very often the terms embedded processor and microcontroller are used interchangeably • One of the most critical needs of an embedded system is to decrease power consumption and space • The trend is to integrate more functions on the CPU chip and let designer decide which features he/she wants to use

  9. Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller • Meeting the computing needs of the task at hand efficiently and cost effectively • Speed, Packaging, Power consumption • The amount of RAM and ROM on chip • The number of I/O pins and the timers on chip • How easy to upgrade to higher performance or lower power-consumption versions • Cost per unit

  10. Criteria for Choosing a Microcontroller (cont.) • Availability of software development tools, such as compilers, assemblers, and debuggers • Wide availability and reliable sources of the microcontroller • The 8051 family has the largest number of diversified (multiple source) suppliers • Intel (original), Atmel, Philips/Signetics, AMD, Infineon (formerly Siemens), Matra, Dallas Semiconductor/Maxim

  11. 8051 Microcontroller • Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS- 51, in 1981 • The 8051 is an 8-bit processor • The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time • The 8051 had: • 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM • One serial port, four I/O ports (8 bits wide) • Two timers, 6 interrupt sources

  12. 8051 Microcontroller (cont.) • The 8051 became widely popular after allowing other manufactures to make and market any flavor of the 8051 • Remaining code-compatible

  13. 8051 Microcontroller (cont.)

  14. 8051 Family • The 8051 is a subset of the 8052 • The 8031 is a ROM-less 8051 • Add external ROM to it • Lose two ports • One for the address bus, the other for the data bus • Leave only 2 ports for I/O operations

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