William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet Important Terms

1. William ShakespeareRomeo and JulietImportant Terms

2. Born April 23, 1564 • Stratford upon Avon • Third of 8 children • Parents were John and Mary • No school record

3. Much of Shakespeare’s younger years remain a mystery, but there are rumors about what jobs he may have worked. Lawyer Schoolmaster Butcher Apprentice

4. Married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18 (she was 26) • Together they had three kids : Susanna and twins Judith and Hamnet (Hamnet died at age 11)

5. In 1592, Shakespeare began developing a reputation as an actor and playwright. As theatres were beginning to grow in popularity, it is probable that Shakespeare began earning a living writing plays (adapting old ones and working with others on new ones).

6. In 1598, Shakespeare, in collaboration with other actors, designed and built The Globe. This circular theatre was the first of its kind, breaking away from the traditional rectangular theatres.

7. The Globe Theatre • Most famous playhouse of all time • Built in 1599 • No scenery, just elaborate props and costumes (trap doors • and scaffolds were used to make gods and witches disappear) • Shows lasted 2.5 hours • All social classes attended • The wealthy got benches and the poor stood or watched • from the back • NO female actors on stage (all parts played by men or young • boys) • Burned down during a performance

8. The First Globe Theatre 1599 - 1613

10. Was an actor and writer • 38 plays • 154 sonnets • Died April 23, 1616…on his birthday 

11. Dramatic Terminology • Tragedy: A narrative about serious and important actions that end unhappily, usually with the death of the main characters. • A tragic hero: by Aristotle's definition, a man who is neither completely evil nor good, but somewhere in between. The audience will usually identify or sympathize with the tragic hero, instinctively. This character has a “tragic flaw”. Often takes the form of a metaphorical “blindness” or “madness”. • Dies in the end.

12. 10. There is a tragic hero (or an exceptional being) who has a tragic flaw. 9. The external conflict is between two groups, one of which the hero belongs. 8. The internal conflict within the tragic hero is of the human spirit [i.e. good versus evil,desire versus doubt]. 7. The misfortunes of the tragedy are caused by the actions of the people. 6. Chance/Fortune/Fate plays a hand in the action of the tragedy. 5. There is a sense of urgency within the plot that drives the tragic hero to act (sometimes impulsively). 4. The tragic hero is responsible for the ultimate catastrophe. 3. Before the downfall, the tragic hero displays courage or nobility, which makes the reader recognize his/her potential for greatness. 2. The tragic hero’s fate affects the wellbeing of the whole nation or empire of the story. ***And the NUMBER 1 sign you may be reading 1. The tragic hero dies in the end. The Top 10 Signs You’re Reading a Shakespearean Tragedy:

13. The play is broken up into acts and the acts are broken up into scenes. Prologue:A brief opening of a play spoken by the “chorus” that settles the audience and previews the plot. Monologue: A long uninterrupted speech given by one character onstage to everyone. Soliloquy: A long uninterrupted speech given by one character alone on stage, inaudible to other characters Aside: A short speech given by one character, traditionally the other characters cannot hear. Comic Relief: The inclusion of a humorous character, scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension In R & J, look for moments of comic relief that help “relieve” the tragedy of the situation Ex: The musicians making puns with Peter after Juliet is found dead.

14. Pun: A humorous play on words • After that poisonous snake struck at me in the Arizona Desert I was really rattled. • A carpenter must have been here. I saw dust. • Energizer Bunny arrested - charged with battery. • Corduroy pillows are making headlines. • The executioner decided to drop out of Executioner School. It was just too cut throat for him. • He who farts in church sits in his own pew. • Did you hear about the sleeping man who got run over by a car? He was tired and exhausted!

15. Foreshadowing: a literary device in which an author drops subtle hints about plot developments to come later in the story Simile: a figure of speech that makes a comparison between 2 unlike things, using a word such as like, as Ex. She floated in like a cloud on a breezy day. Metaphor: a figure of speech that makes a comparison between 2 unlike things without the use of specific words of comparison such as “like” or “as” Ex: The book was a passport to adventure. Oxymoron: a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase Ex: sweet sorrow loud silence jumbo shrimp Dramatic Irony: when the audience knows something the characters do not know Ex: We know the killer is in the closet, but the soon-to-be victim does not.

16. Motif: a recurrent thematic element in a literary or artistic work Motifs in Romeo and Juliet are: 1. opposites, contradictions, and opposing pairs 2. light and dark imagery / day and night 3. time Foil character: a character that contrasts the personality traits of another character, usually opposites. Hyperbole: an exaggeration or overstatement used for effect Ex: My backpack weighs a ton!

17. Shakespeare’s 5 Part Storytelling Pattern: Act III: Crisis/Turning Point A series of complications Act IV: Falling Action Results of the turning point; characters locked into deeper disaster Act II: Rising Action A series of complications Act I: Introduction Establishes setting, characters, conflict, and background Act V: Climax/Resolution/Denouement Death of the main characters and then the loose parts of the plot are tied up

18. Romeo and Juliet

19. Two households…

20. In fair Verona, where we lay our scene…

21. From ancient grudge break to new mutiny…

22. A Family Feud: CapuletsvsMontagues Setting: Verona, Italy Late 1500’s

23. Romeo • Is a Montague • 18 years old • Cute, smart, sensitive • Impulsive and immature • Romantic heart • He doesn’t care about the feud

24. Lady Montague • Romeo’s Mom • Dies of grief for love of her son

25. Lord Montague • Romeo’s dad • Worries about Romeo’s sadness • Patriarch (head man) of the Montagues • Loves his son

26. Balthasar • Romeo’s servant • He goes to tell Romeo that Juliet is dead (he doesn’t know that it is a fake death)

27. Abraham or Abram • Lord Montague’s servant • Fights Sampson and Gregory in the beginning

28. Benvolio • Romeo’s cousin & friend • Tries to break-up fights. Keep the peace. • Counsels Romeo about love and make him feel better.

29. Mercutio • Related to the prince • Good friends w/ Romeo • Bad temper • Doesn’t like emotional people • Believes love is about the physical contact and nothing else.

30. Juliet • Capulet, 13 yrs old • Begins as a naïve child • She doesn’t have as much freedom as Romeo b/c she is a girl • SO she sneaks around to see Romeo • She totally trusts Romeo • Juliet is very close with the nurse.

31. Lady Capulet • Juliet’s mom • Ineffectual mother- relies on the nurse to “mother” Juliet • She married young, had Juliet around age 14, and is eager for her to marry Paris

32. Lord Capulet • Juliet’s dad • He truly loves Juliet, but does not know her feelings and dreams • Bad temper when things don’t go his way • He commands respect • Patriarch of the Capulets

33. Nurse • Has cared for Juliet since she was born • Vulgar, long-winded, loyal and a confidante to Juliet • At end though, they have a falling-out over Romeo

34. Gregory & Sampson • Servants to the Capulets • Start a fight w/ Montagues at the beginning of the play

35. Tybalt • Juliet’s cousin • Vain, fashionable, very into proper etiquette, prideful • He is well-trained in sword fighting and someone to fear • He loathes Montagues

36. Paris • Related to the prince • Preferred by the Capulets to marry Juliet • He treats Juliet inappropriately after Capulet says he can marry her.

37. Rosaline • The woman who Romeo is obsessed with at the beginning of the play.

38. The Apothecary • “a pharmacist” • He sells the poison to Romeo. • Values money more than morals

39. Friar Lawrence • Friend to Romeo and Juliet • Kind, civic-minded • Secretly marries R & J in hopes that their marriage will end the feud. • He is a Catholic holy man and also familiar with potions and herbs.

40. Friar John • A Catholic holy man asked to tell Romeo about Juliet's false death. • He is held up in a quarantined house and so never gets the message to Romeo.

41. Capulets throw a party. • Romeo wants to go to the party to see Rosaline, a girl he likes, but his family is not invited. • He dresses in costume and sneaks in!

42. Falling in Love <3 • At the party Romeo sees a girl, Juliet, and falls instantly in love. • He finds out she is a Capulet. • Juliet sees Romeo and falls in love with him too, but she does not know he is part of the Montague family. She finds out later that he is. • Juliet goes out onto her balcony to tell the stars about her love for Romeo. • Romeo hears her and tells her he feels the same way.

43. A Secret Marriage • The next day, Romeo and Juliet are married secretly by Romeo’s friend, Friar Lawrence.

44. A Fight • The same day Romeo and Juliet are married, there is a fight between Juliet’s cousin Tybalt and Romeo’s cousin Benvolio and best friend Mercutio. • Tybalt is angry that Romeo came to the Capulet party. • Romeo shows up to the fight. He doesn’t want to fight Tybalt, because he is married to Juliet, but he cannot tell anyone. • Romeo’s cousin and friend do not understand why Romeo will not fight. Mercutio fights Tybalt instead. Tybalt kills Mercutio. • Romeo is furious and kills Tybalt.

45. A Banishment • The Prince of Verona tells Romeo that he must leave the city and never come back. • Juliet is very sad that Romeo is gone.

46. A Match-Making Father • Juliet’s father, who doesn’t know that Juliet is already married to Romeo, decides to marry her to a man named Count Paris.

47. A Desparate Plan • Juliet goes to Friar Lawrence for help. • He gives her a potion to drink that will make her look dead, even though she will really be just sleeping. • The Friar says he will tell Romeo to come get her from the family tomb.

48. Some Deadly Gossip • Before the Friar can tell Romeo that Juliet is not really dead, Romeo gets a message from a friend that Juliet is dead in Verona. • Romeo wants to die beside his wife, so he buys poison and goes to Juliet’s tomb. • At the door of the tomb, Romeo fights and kills Count Paris.

49. The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet • Inside the tomb, Romeo drinks the poison and dies next to Juliet. • One minute later, Juliet wakes up and sees Romeo dead next to her. • Friar Lawrence comes into the tomb and tells Juliet what has happened. • Juliet takes Romeo’s dagger and kills herself.

50. A Lesson Learned • The Montagues and the Capulets learn a lesson from the deaths of their children. • They agree to never fight again.