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INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HSA 3111 Section 1220

INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HSA 3111 Section 1220. ROBERT G. GARRIGUES, PH.D. ASSOCIATE DEAN EMERITUS. Overhead entitled “Health Care Delivery”. UNITED STATES HEALTH CARE LANDSCAPE. FACT:

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INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HSA 3111 Section 1220

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO THE U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEMHSA 3111Section 1220 ROBERT G. GARRIGUES, PH.D. ASSOCIATE DEAN EMERITUS

  2. Overhead entitled “Health Care Delivery”

  3. UNITED STATES HEALTH CARE LANDSCAPE

  4. FACT: U.S. HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES WERE $ 2.64 TRILLION IN 2010. IT EXPECTED TO BE TRILLION BY 4.5 TRILLION IN 2019.

  5. THIS IS 17.6% OF THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ACCOUNT FOR NEARLY 10% OF THE COSTS AND ARE EXPECTED TO GO HIGHER.

  6. Public Law 111-148 “Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act” Otherwise known as “Health Care Reform” or “Obamacare”

  7. IMMEDIATE BENEFITS • Children with pre-existing conditions cannot be denied coverage • Adult children to age 26 will be able to stay on their parents health policy • Seniors on Medicare may get $250 toward the “doughnut hole.”

  8. Legal Challenges in process • 20 states have challenged the constitutionality of the law primarily on the idea that citizens will be required by law to purchase an insurance policy. • The issue could very well end up in the Supreme Court for resolution.

  9. Public Opinion Polls do not favor the legislation on health care . • Some are seeking to “repeal and replace” the bill. • It has become a very divisive issue .

  10. Funding of the new legislation • Immediately, starting in 2010, there will be new taxes on higher income wage earners. • An immediate tax of 10% on tanning salons

  11. The “doc” fix: • Will include a 21% reduction in medicare reimbursements to physicians. • This proposed reduction is suspect as it has been tried before and then overcome by new legislation.

  12. New Taxes will be collected from 2010 to 2014 when the full impact of the legislation will be instituted. • Question: Will the federal government set those collections aside for health care or will it be spent on other programs such as social security.

  13. Long term financial picture grim. • National debt is huge, future debt caused by “entitlements” has caused great debate. Many experts feel that the debt is non-sustainable and will have long term implications for the country.

  14. ECONOMIC STATUS OF UNITED STATES • EMPLOYMENT UNSTEADY: CURRENTLY 9.2%. PEOPLE WHO LOSE THEIR JOBS USUALLY LOSE THEIR HEALTH INSURANCE. NEW JOB CREATION TOP PRIORITY.

  15. A 1999 STUDY CALCULATED THAT FOR EACH 0.5 PERCENTAGE POINT INCREASE IN THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, AN ESTIMATED ONE MILLION PEOPLE LOSE HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE.

  16. ECONOMIC DOWNTURN: • HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE DECLINES IN A DOWNTURN OR RECESSION BECAUSE SMALL FIRMS MAY DROP COVERAGE TO MAINTAIN SALARIES OR SIMPLY TO STAY IN BUSINESS

  17. HIGHER INSURANCE PREMIUMS AND HEALTH COSTS • IN 2010 EMPLOYER HEALTH CARE INSURANCE PREMIUMS ROSE 6.1%. • THE ANNUAL PREMIUM COVERING A FAMILY OF FOUR ROSE TO $10,743.

  18. SINCE 2000, EMPLOYMENT BASED INSURANCE PREMIUMS HAVE INCREASED 100%. • WAGES HAVE INCREASED 15% • INFLATION HAS INCREASED 14%

  19. AMONG BUSINESS FIRMS, THE SMALLEST ARE THE MOST VULNERABLE. • AMONG INDIVIDUALS, THE LOW-INCOME ARE MOST VULNERABLE.

  20. A DISTINCTIVE SYSTEM OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

  21. §U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IS NOT A SYSTEM

  22. §IT IS A KALEIDOSCOPE OF FINANCING, INSURANCE, DELIVERY, AND PAYMENT MECHANISMS THAT REMAIN UNSTANDARDIZED AND LOOSELY COORDINATED.

  23. §MAJOR PART OF THE SYSTEM IS IN PRIVATE HANDS

  24. §A MARKET DRIVEN ECONOMY INVITES THE PARTICIPATION OF NUMEROUS PRIVATE ENTITIES TO SERVE THESE FUNCTIONS.

  25. GOVERNMENT IS INVOLVED WITH THOSE UNABLE TO AFFORD THE PRIVATE SECTOR.

  26. §CONSIDER THE NECESSARY ELEMENTS OF RESOURCE PLANNING, QUALITY ASSURANCE, AND COST CONTAINMENT AND THE SYSTEM BECOMES A LABYRINTH.

  27. THIS BLEND OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVOLVEMENT IN THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE HAS RESULTED IN: • A MULTICIPLITY OF FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS WHICH ENABLE INDIVIDUALS TO RECEIVE HEALTH CARE SERVICES.

  28. §NUMEROUS INSURANCE AGENCIES EMPLOYING VARIOUS MECHANISMS FOR INSURING AGAINST RISK.

  29. §MULTIPLE PAYERS THAT MAKE THEIR OWN DETERMINATIONS REGARDING HOW MUCH TO PAY FOR EACH TYPE OF SERVICE.

  30. §A LARGE ARRAY OF SETTINGS WHERE MEDICAL SERVICES ARE DELIVERED.

  31. §NUMEROUS CONSULTING FIRMS OFFERING THEIR EXPERTISE IN PLANNING, COST CONTAINMENT, QUALITY, AND RESTRUCTURING OF RESOURCES.

  32. AN OVERVIEW OF THE SCOPE AND SIZE OF THE SYSTEM

  33. SYSTEM IS EXTREMELY COMPLEX • EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS • MEDICAL SUPPLIERS • INSURERS • PAYERS • CLAIMS PROCESSORS

  34. SERVICES PROVIDED • PREVENTIVE • PRIMARY • SUBACUTE • ACUTE • AUXILIARY • REHABILITATION • CONTINUING CARE

  35. MASSIVE DELIVERY SYSTEM – PERSONNEL • 700,000 MEDICAL DOCTORS • 35,000 OSTEOPATHY DOCTORS • 1,000,000 NURSES • 187,000 DENTIST • 156,000 PHARMACISTS

  36. VAST ARRAY OF INSTITUTIONS • 6,580 HOSPITALS • 16,700 NURSING HOMES • 5,000+ MENTAL INSTITUIONS • 60,000 FACILITIES FOR THE MENTALLY RETARDED • 19,000 HOME HEALTH AGENCIES • 800 PRIMARY CARE PROGRAMS

  37. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FACILITIES • 142 MEDICAL AND OSTEOPATHIC SCHOOLS • 54 DENTAL SCHOOLS • 1,500 NURSING PROGRAMS

  38. INSURANCE • 235 MILLION WITH COVERAGE • 35.5 MILLION MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES • 152 MILLION WHO HAVE SELF-PURCHASED HEALTH INSURANCE • 1,000 INSURANCE COMPANIES • 70 BLUE CROSS/BLUE SHIELD PLANS

  39. NEW TYPES OF PROVIDERS • OVER 700 HMO’S (HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS) • OVER 1,000 PPO’S (PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS)

  40. AND A MULTITUDE OF GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES WHICH OVERSEE EVERYTHING LISTED ABOVE.

  41. A LOOK AT DEMOGRAHICS • BABY BOOMERS IN THE 1990’S

  42. What is new about the “baby boomers” – the group we know will become the largest buying population in the history of the United States.

  43. The baby boom generation is defined as all persons between 1946 – 1964. That generation is nearing 60+. Today “boomers” are between ages 44 – 62, but in the new century, most will be in their late forties and in their fifties. Baby boomers have entered the stage of economic and political power to shapeevents.

  44. OVER THE NEXT 25 YEARS THE ELDERLY POPULATION WILL INCREASE BY ALMOST 80% DUE TO AGING BABY BOOMERS.

  45. HIGHER WEALTH ACCUMULATION AND FEWER CHILDREN WILL PERMIT MANY TO ENJOY A RETIREMENT LIFESTYLE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM ANY PREVIOUS GENERATION.

  46. WHAT THEY BUY AND WHERE THEY RETIRE WILL HAVE SIGNIFICANT IMPLICATIONS FOR FIRMS SEEKING TO MARKET TO THEM.

  47. EARLY BOOMERS WILL INFLATE DRAMATICALLY THE SIZE OF THE 55-64-YEAR-OLD AGE GROUPS. • THE SECOND-LARGEST GAINING GROUP INCLUDES YOUNGER BABY BOOMERS WHO ARE AGING INTO THEIR PRIME CAREER AND EARNING STAGES (45-54) IN THE NEXT DECADE.

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