EPA Air Toxics Programs

1. EPA Air Toxics Programs Ruben R. Casso Toxics Coordinator EPA Region 6 Email: casso.ruben@epa.gov Phone 214-665-6763

2. The Federal Government/EPA’s Role: • The focus with regard to air toxics is for EPA to issue nationwide rules to control air toxics emissions at the source. • EPA does not have ambient air quality standards for air toxics Regulatory efforts • Stationary sources: major (large) & area (smaller) • Mobile source air toxics Voluntary efforts • Support for State/Local community air toxics efforts

3. EPA’s Relationship with the State • Congress intended for state agencies to be the primary implementers of Air Quality Programs • EPA approves/delegates the implementation of Federal Air Quality Programs to the States • States may decide to conduct their air quality programs/activities at levels which go beyond the minimum requirements set forth by EPA

4. EPA Stationary Source Air Toxics Rulemaking • The CAA identified 188 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and 174 specific categories to be regulated under maximum achievable control technology (MACT) rules technology-based rules for facilities • Two phase program for large industrial sources (e.g., chemical manufacturers) • Technology-based standards major sources • Risk-based review of technology standards • Technology-based standards for smaller sources (or “area” sources, e.g., dry cleaners)

5. EPA MACT Rulemaking • EPA promulgated about 100 major source MACT rules for specific facility categories • EPA has begun the process of evaluating residual risk on major source MACT rules • EPA is developing MACT rules for 70 area (minor) source categories

6. Mobile Source Air Toxics Regulatory Air Toxics Effort • Mobile source air toxics (MSAT) Rule Additional Efforts – Diesel Emission Reduction • School Buses • Other efforts on vehicles/infrastructure • Diesel-powered equipment at: • Ports • Airports • Rail

7. Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSATs) • Diesel Emissions (Diesel Particulate Matter +Diesel Exhaust Organic Gases) • Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Benzene, 1,3-Butadiene, Ethylbenzene Formaldehyde, MTBE, Naphthalene, n–Hexane, Styrene, Toluene, Xylene • Arsenic Compounds, Chromium Compounds, Lead Compounds Manganese Compounds, Mercury Compounds, Nickel Compounds • Polycyclic organic matter (POM), Dioxin/Furans

8. Mobile Source Air Toxics (MSAT) Rule • Proposed Rule expected February 2006 • Final Rule expected February 2007 • EPA expects the new MSAT rule to have 3 parts: • 1) Fuel controls ( i.e. benzene content in gasoline) • 2) Light-Duty vehicles (Evaporation provisions similar to CA requirements and cold temperature VOC reduction provisions) • 3) Gas can requirements

9. Additional Ozone SIP State/Local Air Toxics Emissions Reductions • Impact of the EPA Air Quality Standards for Ozone include requirements to reduce VOC ozone precursor emissions under the SIP, some of which are air toxics. • Houston SIP controls in the 2005-2007 time frame should result in emission reductions/improvements for air toxics • Highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOC) rules will lower 1,3-butadiene emissions in the area. • Benzene emissions will also be reduced through SIP efforts.

10. EPA Support for State/Local Community Air Toxics Efforts • States may decide to conduct their air quality programs/activities at levels which go beyond the minimum requirements set forth by EPA • EPA supports State/local agency efforts to address community air toxics • EPA support flexibility for State/Local agencies to address community air toxics in a manner they deem appropriate for specific state/local circumstances