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Information Artifact Ontology and Aboutness

Information Artifact Ontology and Aboutness. Barry Smith. Shimon Edelman’s Riddle of Representation. two humans, a monkey, and a robot are looking at a piece of cheese; what is common to the representational processes in their visual systems? . Answer: . The cheese, of course.

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Information Artifact Ontology and Aboutness

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  1. Information Artifact Ontology and Aboutness • Barry Smith

  2. Shimon Edelman’sRiddle of Representation • two humans, a monkey, and a robot • are looking at a piece of cheese; • what is common to the representational processes in their visual systems?

  3. Answer: The cheese, of course

  4. The real cheese

  5. the arrow of intentionality

  6. ± simple

  7. ± relational intentionality • you are in physical contact with target • cf. Russell’s knowledge by acquaintance; • J. J. Gibson’s ecological theory of perception

  8. ± perceptually filled ordinary perception

  9. perceptually filled does not imply veridical hallucination

  10. the evolutionarily most basic case ordinary perception

  11. relational implies veridical ordinary perception

  12. veridical does not imply relational veridical thinking about

  13. ± content match

  14. content match “apple”

  15. content match “food”

  16. veridical does not imply content match

  17. content mismatch “poison”

  18. content mismatch “apple” still posson content here not just a matter of language

  19. ± linguistically mediated A cat can see a king A cat can see a mass spectrometer

  20. non-veridical intentionality is an untidy collection of non-canonical cases the presenting act is dependent on an underlying belief or attitude of one or other deviant types

  21. non-veridical intentionality type 1. ontological error • hallucination, deception, … • the presenting act is dependent on a false underlying belief

  22. non-veridical intentionality type 2. fiction thinking-about-Macbeth = the presenting act is notdependent on an underlying false belief “The Substitution Theory of Art”, Grazer PhilosophischeStudien, 25/26 (1986)

  23. the primacy of language (Sellars …)mental experiences are about objects because words have meaning word / meaning

  24. the primacy of the intentional (Brentano, Husserl, …): linguistic expressions have meanings because there are (‘animating’) mental experiences which have aboutness

  25. dimension of content / belief prior to dimension of language

  26. language comes later than mental aboutness

  27. How annotate this

  28. or this?

  29. or this?

  30. Mental Functioning Ontology (Draft)

  31. Mental Functioning Ontology (Draft) with thanks to Janna Hastings and Kevin Mulligan Swiss Center for Affective Sciences)

  32. Basic Formal Ontology BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant BFO:Process BFO:Disposition

  33. Basic Formal Ontology and Mental Functioning Ontology (MFO) BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process Organism BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Mental Process Mental Functioning Related Anatomical Structure Behaviour inducing state Affective Representation

  34. Functions vs. Functionings Continuants vs. Occurrents BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process Organism BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Mental Process Mental Function Mental Functioning 35

  35. Aboutness (‘Intentionality’) BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process Organism BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Mental Process Mental Function Mental Functioning does all mental functioning involve cognitive representation (aboutness)? what is aboutness? 36

  36. Extending the MFO • to linguistic competence and performance

  37. Linguistic Functioning Ontology (1. Speech and hearing) BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Linguistic competence Speech process Behaviour inducing state Speech competence of a population = a [spoken] language Speech-mediated cognitive representation Hearing (registering) process 38 Speech competence of an individual

  38. Linguistic Functioning Ontology (2. Reading and writing) BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Linguistic competence Writing process Behaviour inducing state Written linguistic competence of a population = a [written] language Written-language-mediated cognitive representation Reading (registering) process 39 Written linguistic competence of an individual

  39. Linguistic Functioning Ontology (the whole thing) BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Linguistic competence Speaking Writing Behaviour inducing state Linguistic competence of a population = a language Language-mediated cognitive representation Reading 40 Linguistic competence of an individual

  40. non-veridical intentionality type 3. planning Christmas present lists

  41. non-veridical intentionality type 4. daydreaming

  42. Mental Functioning Ontology (MF) brainin endocrine gland

  43. Aboutness ENVIRONMENT brain retina

  44. mental act about a real-world object relational (~ perception) non-relational (~ linguistic) content mismatch content match content match content mismatch veridical non-veridical

  45. Veridical intentionality ordinary perception evolutionarily most basic case

  46. what is a language? something analogous to a biological species (a population of competences) BFO:Entity BFO BFO:Occurrent BFO:Continuant MFO BFO:Process BFO:Dependent Continuant BFO:Independent Continuant Bodily Process BFO:Disposition Cognitive Representation BFO:Quality Linguistic competence Speaking Writing Behaviour inducing state Linguistic competence of a population = a language Language-mediated cognitive representation Reading 49 Linguistic competence of an individual

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