Maroons, Music & Slave Rebellions

1. Maroons, Music & Slave Rebellions

2. I. Slave Rebellions & Escapes • A. African Slaves would frequently rebel and/or escape from slavery • B. Escapes came in the form of: 1. Slave ship mutiny (ex. Amistad) 2. Slave ship wreck (ex. Ecuador) 3. Rebellion (ex. Jamaica Maroon Wars, Garifuna of St. Vincent)

3. I. Slave Rebellions & Escapes • C. Some fugitive slaves became pirates, while others started their own communities • D. Escaped Africans often mixed with Native American groups examples: • 1. Garifuna: African & Carib &Arawak (Native Americans) living in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras & Nicaragua • 2. Jamaica: Akan Ghana & Arawak & Taino

4. I. Slave Rebellions & Escapes

5. I. Slave Rebellions & Escapes • E. The Spanish called fugitive slaves “Maroons” • F. Derived from the word “Cimarron”, which meant runaway living on a mountain top • G. The majority of Maroon communities are located in the Americas

6. II. Black Pirates

7. II. Black Pirates • A. There were approximately 1,500 Black pirates (Maroons) • B. The most famous was “Black Cesar”, who escaped from a slave ship wreck & eventually joined Blackbeard • C. Diego Grillo, first Cuban pirate

8. II. Black Pirates

9. III. Jamaican Maroons • A. In 1655, the Spanish left Jamaica & their African slaves • B. Some Africans escaped to the “Blue Mountains & joined existing Maroon communities

10. III. Jamaican Maroons

11. III. Jamaican Maroons • C. They survived by: 1. Raiding plantations 2. Developing recipes such as “jerk chicken” (seasoning, curing & drying meat) 3. Using the “tissue paper” tree

12. III. Jamaican Maroons

13. III. Jamaican Maroons

14. III. Jamaican Maroons • D. The First Maroon War • 1. Were the result of the British trying to get control of the Maroons • 2. The 1st Maroon War, two leaders emerged: Cudjoe & Queen Nanny (AKA Granny Nanny) excellent military strategist & experts in guerilla warfare

15. III. Jamaican Maroons

16. III. Jamaican Maroons

17. III. Jamaican Maroons

18. III. Jamaican Maroons 3. In 1739, first Peace Agreement 4. Second Maroon War, more tension between the plantation owners & certain Maroon communities 5. 1795 The Peace Agreement is broken, the Maroons of Trelawney lose. 6. Some are sent Nova Scotia, Canada & Sierra Leone, West Africa

19. III. Jamaican Maroons Nova Scotia, Canada

20. III. Jamaican Maroons Sierra Leone

21. IV. Garifuna

22. IV. Garifuna • A. The Garifuna were originally stolen from West Africa. • B. Their slave ship wrecked off the coast of St. Vincent in 1635 • C. The Garifuna came ashore & intermarried with the Carib Indians

23. IV. Garifuna

24. IV. Garifuna • D. This intermarriage resulted in “Black Carib” people & culture (food, music, language, dance, religion, agriculture techniques, etc) Chief Joseph Chatoyer

25. IV. Garifuna • E. In 1700s, the British came & started a war against the Garifuna & French • F. In 1796, the Garifuna surrendered • G. The British exiled 5, 000 to Baliceaux Island, where they were placed in concentration camps

26. IV. Garifuna

27. IV. Garifuna • H. the other half to Roatan Island off the coast of Honduras • I. The Spanish allowed the Garifuna to come ashore in Central America, • J. Resulting in large Garifunapopulations in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras & Nicaragua

28. IV. Garifuna

29. IV. Garifuna

30. IV. Garifuna • K. Garifuna are famous for their music & dance forms: Punta, Paranda, Chumba, HunguHungu and Wanaragua • L. Garifuna food is a combination of Africa, Carib, Mayan & Spanish cuisine

31. IV. Garifuna

32. V. Quilombo dos Palmares

33. V. Quilombo dos Palmares • A. Quilombo dos Palmares were: 1. “small settlements among the palm trees” in northeast Brazil 2. settled by Africans & Native Americans escaping slavery 3. existed from 1605-1694 4. Modern day Pernambuco and Alagoas regions of Brazil

34. V. Quilombo dos Palmares

35. V. Quilombo dos Palmares • B. Palmares’ populations ranged from 10,000-20,000 at its height • C. Also included Arabs & Jews, mulattoes, caboclos (mestizos), poor whites & runaway soldiers • D. GangaZumba & Zumbi (his nephew) were the legendary chiefs

36. V. Quilombo dos Palmares

37. V. Quilombo dos Palmares • E. Used several fighting techniques such as bows, arrows & capoeira against the Portuguese • F. 1694, the Portuguese won, took control of the Palmares & killed Zumbi (1695)

38. V. Quilombo dos Palmares

39. Bibliography • 1. Black Pirates http://www.cindyvallar.com/blackpirates.html