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World War II Erupts

World War II Erupts. Chapter 16 Notes. Objectives:. How did the aftermath of World War I contribute to political problems in Europe? How did the problems facing Europe in the postwar years lead to the rise of totalitarian leaders?

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World War II Erupts

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  1. World War II Erupts Chapter 16 Notes

  2. Objectives: • How did the aftermath of World War I contribute to political problems in Europe? • How did the problems facing Europe in the postwar years lead to the rise of totalitarian leaders? • What events exemplify the growing use of military force by totalitarian regimes in the 1930s? • What alarming actions did Adolf Hitler take in the mid-1930s?

  3. Problems in Europe after WWI • Millions dead • Farms & cities ruined • Economy in ruins

  4. Problems in Europe after WWI • Problems w/ Treaty of Versailles • France --too easy • Italy—ignored • Germany—loses land, pay reparations, weak gov’t.

  5. Europe after World War I

  6. Problems in Europe after WWI • Problems w/ the League of Nations • No military power

  7. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia • Italy, 1922 • Benito Mussolini • National Fascist Party • Glorified state; no individual rights • Violence against Comm. & Soc.

  8. Italy • 1935, Italy invades Ethiopia • Ethiopians request help from League of Nations & world—denied

  9. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia • Spain, 1930s • Francisco Franco • Fascist • General during the Spanish Civil War, emerges leader

  10. Spanish Civil War Nationalists Popular Front Anarchists Basques Catalans Communists Republicans Socialists • Monarchy & monarchists • Catholics & Catholic Church

  11. Spanish Civil War

  12. Guernica by Pablo Picasso

  13. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia • Soviet Union • Joseph Stalin • Communist • Seized power at Lenin’s death • Eliminated all opposition (purges & gulags)

  14. Soviet Union • Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • Hitler agrees not to invade SU • SU will stay out of war • Divide Poland b/w them

  15. Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact

  16. Rise of Dictators in Europe & Asia • Japan • Hideki Tojo (main military leader; takes full control in 1940) • Nationalist/Military gov’t.

  17. Japan • 1934—violates Washington Naval Conference & builds up navy

  18. Japan • 1936—signs anticommunist pact w/ Germany

  19. Japan • 1937--Invades Manchuria & northern China to gain resources

  20. Japan • 1941—invades French Indochina • Interferes w/ American interests • Won’t negotiate w/ FDR

  21. Germany • Germany, • Adolf Hitler • National Socialist Party (Nazis) • Failed attempt to seize power in 1922-23 • Prison • wrote Mien Kampf

  22. Germany • 1933—became chancellor (elected position) • Gradually seized power & built up military

  23. Germany • First concentration camps built, 1933 • Goering founds GESTAPO, 1933 • the SS (Schutzstaffel) is formed, 1934 • Hitler becomes Der Fuherer, 1934 Hermann Goering

  24. CONCENTRATION CAMPS • 100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe • prisoners used for forced labor • prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year • communists, homosexuals, criminals, social-democrats, artists. • First camp was opened in 1933, right after Nazis came to power

  25. Germany • Nuremberg Laws, 1935

  26. Objectives: • How did Germany’s actions in 1939 trigger the start of World War II? • Where did German forces turn after overrunning Poland in 1939? • What developments increased tensions between the United States and Japan in East Asia?

  27. Germany • Heinreich Himmler appointed chief of German police, 1936 • 1936—Hitler places troops in the Rhineland (area that borders France & Germany) • GB & Fr do nothing to stop this

  28. Germany

  29. Germany • 1938—Anschluss—Hitler attempts to unite Germans in Germany & Austria • Austrian gov’t objects • Hitler forces his way into Austria • GB & Fr do nothing to stop this

  30. Germany • 1938--Hitler wants control of the Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia) • Encourages Germans in Sudetenland to protest Czech. Gov’t. • Munich Agreement--N. Chamberlain & other Allies allow Hitler to annex the Sudetenland (appeasement) • Churchill is against appeasement

  31. Munich Agreement • Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. –British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain

  32. Germany • Kristallnacht (night of broken glass), 1939

  33. Germany • MS St. Louis turned away from US

  34. Germany • 1939—Hitler annexes the rest of Czechoslovakia (appeasement fails) • Signs pact w/ Italy • Signs pact w/ Soviet Union

  35. Germany & Italy form alliance

  36. Germany • 1939--Hitler invades Poland • Blitzkrieg • German Jews sent to Poland, ghettos established • Allies (GB & Fr) declare war on Germany • Wait for Hitler to attack through the Maginot Line • Hitler attacks through the Ardennes Forrest

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