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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTION Leslie Rhinehart/ ljr316@charter.net Montclair High School. Three Estates 1 st Estate -Catholic Clergy (1%) 2 nd Estate -Nobles & govt. (2%) 3 rd Estate- everyone else (97%)

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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

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  1. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

  2. BACKGROUND TO REVOLUTIONLeslie Rhinehart/ljr316@charter.netMontclair High School Three Estates 1st Estate-Catholic Clergy (1%) 2nd Estate-Nobles & govt. (2%) 3rd Estate-everyone else (97%) (merchants & artisans-well educated but no status or power), bourgeousis, urban lower class, peasant farmers 3rd ESTATE pay all taxes! (1/2 salary) 1st two estates tax exempt. Clergy owns 10% of land & gives 2% of its income to the govt., nobles 20% of land & tax exempt

  3. Economic Woes Louis XVI Weak, young & Indecisive • 1780s - crop failures –price of bread doubles • American Revolution doubles France’s debt • Unequal power/money and tax! Marie Antoinette “Madame Deficit”

  4. TAX Crisis – no money! Bankrupt! Estates-General meet -Louis tries to tax 2nd Estate – they refuse 3rd Estate insists all estates meet & each delegate have a vote, but Louis refuses

  5. Tennis Court Oath1789 3rd Estate form National Assembly (representative govt) Locked out - they meet in indoor tennis court where they vow to remain until they write a Constitution

  6. King sends troops to stop National Assembly, so….July 14th Parisians storm the Bastille to seize weapons to defend themselves against the King

  7. The Great Fear Peasants burn manor houses October - 6000 women riot over $ of bread March to Versailles seize King & his entourage (60,000) - return to Paris

  8. National Assembly adopts Declaration (similar to Declaration of Independence) “the aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural . . . rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.” Freedom of religion & speech Creates a constitutional monarchy and King and 3rd Estate share power! Declaration of the Rights of Man

  9. A State Controlled Church To pay France’s debts, Assembly takes church lands to sell, pope loses power over French church

  10. WARS WITH EUROPE: European Nobility fear the spread of revolutionary ideals Austria/Prussians threaten to destroy Paris if royal family is harmed . . . mob imprisons royal family-execute the king & queen. Constitution abolished by new National Convention

  11. Reign of Terror: PHASE II Robespierre (head of Committee of Public Safety) and Jacobins behead 40,000 people – 85% peasants, urban poor & middle class

  12. REVOLUTIONARIES GO TOO FAR Leroy? Name change? No playing cards. No Sundays! New calendar. Churches became museums. The Priests were often forced to marry – no church power!

  13. JACOBINS LOSE POWER 1794 – Robespierre is beheaded! 1795 – A new government called THE DIRECTORY They hire a young general to fight their wars with Austria and Britain and he wins many battles…

  14. Napoleon Bonaparte: PHASE III 1799-coup d’etat by Napoleon – gives himselfunlimited power and a new constitution 1804 - crowns himself Emperor His military victories establish a French empire!

  15. Napoleonic Code No notes! Equal Taxation Stable Economy Public Education Religious toleration Govt. control of church lands Women lose right to sell property Restriction of free speech & press Restore slavery in French colonies

  16. New World TerritoriesWest Indies & Louisiana Purchase 1789 - Toussaint L’Ouverture leads slave revolt in Haiti 1803-Napoleon sells Louisiana to US for $15,000,000 - pays for war debts

  17. NAPOLEON’S 3 BIG MISTAKES 1st MISTAKE 1806/Continental System – Napoleon blockades continent from British Portugal and others ignore it

  18. 2nd MISTAKE: PENISINSULAR WAR • Angry about the blockade not working - France invades Portugal through Spain – puts his brother on Spanish throne! • 1808/Peninsular War infuses Spaniards with nationalism – othernations help…loss!

  19. 3rd MISTAKE • Napoleon’s invasion of RUSSIA is a huge failure – thousands die in the cold! • Russia employs “scorched earth” policy –10,000 left from almost 450,000 • Europe conspires against Napoleon and he is defeated – sent to exile in ELBA

  20. Waterloo Defeated in Belgium in 1815 Napoleon escapes from Elba – crowds cheer him in France and rules for the HUNDRED DAYS… His defeat at Waterloo ends France’s European empire and he is sent to exile in St. Helena

  21. Congress of Vienna1815 Surrounds France with strong countries Balance of power/no country a threat Restore royal families PEACE LASTS ALMOST HALF A CENTURY Klemens von Metternich Austria’s foreign minister 1809-1848

  22. Napoleon’s Empire 1810 Europe 1817

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