History of Computers

1. History of Computers Ancient Times In the beginning, man used his fingers and toes to perform simple computations such as addition and subtraction.

2. 0th Generation(before 1939) 3000 BC - The first man-made computing device is the “Abacus”. In the Abacus, small beads are arranged on a series of vertical rods in a manner that by manipulating them, it is possible with some skill and practice, to make rapid calculations.

3. 1614AD – Napier's bones John Napier (1550-1617), a Scottish mathematician, invented the Napier’s Bones - an aid to multiplication. A set of bones consisted of nine (9) rods, one for each digit 1 through 9. A rod is essentially one column of a multiplication table.

4. Napier’s bone (Napiers Rods) (A mathematician)-1614 Multiply two numbers John Napier

5. Pascaline In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, invented an adding machine. The machine has adopted partly the principles of the abacus but did away with the use of the hand to move the beads or counters. Instead, Pascal used wheels to move counters.

6. Pascaline

7. In 1674, Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibnitz made improvements on Pascal’s machine. With Leibnitz’s improvements, it was possible for the machine to divide and multiply as easily as it could add and subtract.

8. Charles Babbage ( “father of computers “)

9. Charles Babbage madeANALYTICAL ENGINE (In 1833) DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE (In 1883)

10. Analytical Engine

11. Difference Engine

12. 1840 – Ada, the first programmer suggested binary • data storage rather than decimal. • 1880 – Dr.Herman Hollerith developed the punched • card that would contain data coded in form of punched • holes.

13. Herman Hollerith PUNCHED CARD MACHINE (Tabulating Machine)

14. First Generation (1939-1954) - vacuum tube • Second Generation Computers (1954-1959) - transistor • Third Generation Computers (1959-1971) - IC • Fourth Generation (1971-1990) - microprocessor • Fifth Generation (from 1991 ) Generation of Computers

15. 1939 – Dr. John Vincent Atanasoft produced the first prototype electronic computer.

16. 1944 – Aitken built Mark 1 the first automatic, sequence controlled calculator; used by military to compute ballistic data. 1947 – Mauchy and Eckert built ENIAC – 2nd Electronic digital computer.

17. 1949 – Maurice, Eckert and Von Neumann built EDVAC the -1st stored program computer. • 1950 – Turing built Ace – 1st programmable computer.

18. 1951 – Mauchy and Eckert built UNIVAC 1 – 1st commercially sold.

19. UNIVAC I ca. 1955,

20. Bendix G-15 of 1956

21. IBM 650

22. 1960 – Gene Amdahl designed IBM System/360 main • frame computer – 1st general purpose digital using • Integrated circuits. • 1963 – Olsen with Digital Equipment Corporation • produced PDP-1 – 1st Mini computer.

23. Ted Hoff of Intel Corporation produced microprocessor Intel 4004. 1975 – H.Edward Roberts – 1st Microcomputer. 1976 – Seymour Cray CRAY-1 Supercomputer.

24. 1977 – Stephen Wonzniak and Steven Jobs built first Apple Microcomputer. 1980 – Lower cost Personal Computers.

25. Present state Palm Top PDA Wearing Computer Desk Top

26. Technical Evolution of Computers • Increase in speed • Increase in storage capacity • Increase in reliability • Reduction in system cost

28. Microprocessor development.