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NOAA’s Next-Generation Polar and Geostationary Satellites – Hurricane Applications

NOAA’s Next-Generation Polar and Geostationary Satellites – Hurricane Applications. Ray Zehr, Mark DeMaria, John Knaff, Kimberly Mueller NOAA/NESDIS Office of Research and Applications, RAMM Team CIRA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. GOES-R.

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NOAA’s Next-Generation Polar and Geostationary Satellites – Hurricane Applications

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  1. NOAA’s Next-Generation Polar and Geostationary Satellites – Hurricane Applications Ray Zehr, Mark DeMaria, John Knaff, Kimberly Mueller NOAA/NESDIS Office of Research and Applications, RAMM Team CIRA, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523

  2. GOES-R Planned Launch Date, Sept. 2012 (to be preceded by 3 GOES, N-O-P, comparable to currently operational GOES-12) • GOES-N – May 2005 launch • GOES-O – April 2007 launch • GOES-P – Oct 2008 launch • GOES N-O-P Improvements: • Image transmission during eclipse period -- calibration, navigation, “striping” problem

  3. NPOESS NPOESS: National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System • NOAA + DMSP satellite programs: NPOESS - NPOESS Planned Launch: 2009 (first in series of 6 satellites to be launched 2009-2015) • Last in series of currently operational NOAA satellites: Planned launch date NOAA-N, May 11, 2005 • NOAA-N’ - 2008 • Planned Launch of precursor transition satellite • (NPP – NPOESS Preparatory Project) – Oct 31, 2006

  4. GOES-R Instruments • ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) • HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite) • GLM (Global Lightning Mapper) • SIS (Solar Imaging Suite) • SEISS (Space Environment In-Situ Suite)

  5. ABI ABI: Advanced Baseline Imager 16-Channel Imager (0.47-13.3 micrometer) 0.5 km res. visible channel 1-km res. w/ 3 other daytime channels 2-km res. w/ all other channels Improved rapid-scanning capability

  6. Comparison of 16-band GOES-R ABI with MODIS bands

  7. HES • Hyperspectral Environmental Suite • - replaces current GOES Sounder’s 18 spectral bands • high spectral resolution interferometer • 2-10 km spatial resolution • high time resolution

  8. NPOESS Sensors: VIIRS CMIS CrIS GPSOS OMPS SESS APS ATMS DCS ERBS RADAR Altimeter SARSAT TSIS ASCAT ILRS CRIMSS

  9. NPOESS • - Instruments: • VIIRS (Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite) – NOAA AVHRR + DMSP OLS • CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) • ATMS (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) • CMIS (Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder) • Radar Altimeter

  10. NPP Instruments • VIIRS (Imager) • CrIS (IR sounder) • ATMS (Microwave sounder)

  11. VIIRS • 22 spectral bands • 400-800-m res imaging in 6 channels • Including Nighttime vis imaging • Visible Infrared Imager / Radiometer Suite =VIIRS

  12. CrIS • Temperature and humidity soundings • Hyperspectral (over 1000 bands) Infrared • 18.5 km nadir horizontal resolution • Improved vertical resolution (~ 1 km) • Improved accuracy ( 1 degK) • Cross-track Infrared Sounder= CrIS

  13. ATMS • Microwave sounder • 2300 km swath • 22 channels • Horizontal res similar to current AMSU A/B • Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder = ATMS

  14. CMIS • Microwave • 1700 km swath • 15-50 km horizontal resolution • 77 channels 6GHz –190 GHz at variable footprint size • Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder = CMIS

  15. GOES-R / NPOESS Research Project at NOAA/NESDIS/RAMM and CIRA/ Colorado State University • reduce the time needed to fully utilize GOES-R and NPOESS as soon as possible after launch • analyze case studies of tropical cyclones, lake effect snow events, and severe weather outbreaks • use numerical simulations and existing in situ and satellite data to better understand the capabilities of these advanced instruments

  16. Project Participants • Project Leaders • T. Vonder Haar, M. DeMaria*, J. Purdom* • Numerical Modeling/Data Assimilation • L. Grasso, D. Zupanski, M. Zupanski • Radiative Transfer Modeling • M. Sengupta • Data Analysis and Training • D. Hillger*, J. Dostalek, R. Zehr*, D. Lindsey*, D. Bikos*, J. Knaff, Bernadette Connell, Students • Computer Support • D. Watson, H. Gosden, K. Micke *Support from NESDIS Base or other CIRA Projects

  17. Initial Case Studies • Kansas/Oklahoma Severe Weather Outbreak, May 8-9, 2003 • 286 tornados May 6-10 (5-day record), storms near ARM site • Hurricane Lili Landfall (Sept 30-Oct 3, 2002) • Unexpected intensity changes in Gulf, aircraft GPS-sondes available • Lake-Effect Snow, Upstate NY, Feb. 12-13, 2003 • 50 inches of snow, multiple-lake bands • California/Utah Colorado Fog Event, Jan. 12, 2004 • Fresno airport closed all day, includes valley and mountain fog cases • Hurricane Isabel near Peak Intensity, Sept 11-13, 2004 • Long-lasting Cat 5 hurricane, unusual inner core structure, aircraft GPS-sondes available, several days of GOES super-rapid scan data

  18. New Case Studies • Norwegian Polar Low Case, 15 Aug 2004 • Rare summertime polar low, evaluation of MODIS visible channels for ABI in convective environment, better MODIS/AVHRR time resolution • Great Plains dust outbreak, 18 Apr 2004 • Good case for ABI product development from MODIS • Ecuador volcanic eruption, 4 Nov 2004 • Good case for ABI product development from MODIS • Sacramento Valley fog event, 19 Nov 2004 • Interesting cloud top structure • Indian ocean tropical cyclone, 22 Jan 2005 • MSG data for evaluation of ABI channels • Hurricane Fabian, Aug. 31, 2003 • NOAA G-IV Jet GPS soundings for AIRS evaluation • Hurricane Charley, Aug. 13, 2004 • Small storm for ABI Dvorak algorithm • Severe Weather GOES Climatology, Sep 2003-Aug 2004 • Cloud top structure analysis for new ABI product

  19. GOES-R Enhanced rapid scanning capability

  20. Simulation of GOES-R Using Numerical Cloud/Radiative Transfer Models • Run cloud model along with a radiative transfer model to generate simulated satellite observations • RAMS Numerical Cloud Model • Non-hydrostatic cloud model developed at CSU • Sophisticated two-moment cloud microphysics • aggregates, graupel, hail, pristine ice, rain, and snow • Two-way interactive moving nested grids • RAMS initial condition from NCEP ETA model analysis • Transfer from RAMS to WRF model in later years

  21. Synthetic 2 km ABI 10.35 µm LoopHurricane Lili Case

  22. Evaluation of AIRS Soundingsin Tropical Cyclone Environments • Can hyperspectral observations improve sampling of hurricane environments relative to current data? • Obtain AIRS soundings for recent hurricanes with GPS soundings from the NOAA G-IV Jet • Lili (2002), Isabel (2003), Fabian (2003) • Use GPS sondes as ground truth • Compare AIRS sounding errors with NCEP NMN or GFS background field soundings • Do AIRS data reveal structures not current resolved by current data assimilation systems? • Preliminary results for Hurricane Lili (2002) on Oct 2

  23. AIRS/Aircraft GPS Matching Soundings Storm #Soundings Lili 2002 30 Isabel 2003 47 Fabian 2003 6 Total 83 Granule 73 Lili 2002 Granule 179 Granule 176 Isabel 2003 Fabian 2003

  24. Preliminary Results With 22 Lili Soundings • AIRS T errors < 1.5 oC • AIRS T errors smaller than ETA first guess in lower troposphere • AIRS T has small bias • AIRS Td has large moist bias • Despite moist bias, AIRS Td has higher correlation with GPS Td than ETA first guess profiles • Cloud contamination major source of error

  25. Hurricane Eye Soundings • Can HES be used to monitor intensity from eye soundings? • Test with AIRS soundings • AIRS retrievals ~48 km resolution (3 by 3 AIRS FOV’s) • HES will include ~4 km resolution • Hurricane Isabel had large eye on 9/13 – 9/15 2003 • AIRS eye sounding from Isabel • 9/13/2003 1710 UTC

  26. Eye - Environment Temperature Eye Sounding Environment Sounding Isabel Eye Sounding from AIRS Integrate Hydrostatic Equation Downward from 100 hPa to Surface Environment Sounding: Ps = 1012 hPa Eye Sounding: Ps = 936 hPa Aircraft Recon: Ps = 933 hPa

  27. ABI Hurricane Intensity Estimation • Objective Dvorak method uses GOES IR channel 4 • Intensity depends on coldest ring and eye temperature • ABI improvements • 4 km reduced to 2 km • Additional channels • Collect MODIS and AVHRR data for testing • 3 preliminary cases • Lili 2002, Isabel 2003, Charley 2004 • Sensitivity to resolution • New algorithm development

  28. 4 km versus 2 km Imagery

  29. Potential hurricane application topics for enhanced GOES-R/NPOESS measurements • Environmental soundings • Eye soundings • Improved intensity estimates • Surface Wind Analysis • Onset of Rapid Intensification • Tropical Cyclone Formation

  30. Reference Information • http://www.cira.colostate.edu/ramm/KFIntranet/GOESR_IPO/GOES-R_IPO.htm • http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/hes/publication.html • http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/goes8/goes8_refs.html • http://www.ipo.noaa.gov/ • http://www.osd.noaa.gov/goes_R/ • http://www.osd.noaa.gov/GOES/goes_n.htm • http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/nexsat_pages/nexsat_home.html • http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/ • http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/HES/ • http://goespoes.gsfc.nasa.gov/goes/spacecraft/r_spacecraft.html • http://www-airs.jpl.nasa.gov/ • http://science.hq.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_67.htm • http://www.ballaerospace.com/npoess.html • Schmit, T., M. Gunshor, P. Menzel, J. Gurka, J. Li, and S. Bachmier, 2005: Introducing the next generation advanced baseline imager on GOES-R, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 86, 1079-1096.

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