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Trevor C. Weekes Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Development of Ideas in Ground-based Gamma-ray Astronomy, Status of Field and Scientific Expectations from HESS, VERITAS, MAGIC and CANGAROO. Trevor C. Weekes Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

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Trevor C. Weekes Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

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  1. Development of Ideas in Ground-based Gamma-ray Astronomy, Status of Field and Scientific Expectations from HESS, VERITAS, MAGIC and CANGAROO Trevor C. Weekes Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

  2. Development of (Ideas in Ground-based) Gamma-ray Astronomy, (Status of Field and) Scientific Expectations from HESS, VERITAS, MAGIC and CANGAROOby 2010-12 PAST (PRESENT) FUTURE

  3. Development of MeV-GeV 100 MeV Sources One 30 (15) 270 10,000? • First Generation Systems 1960 – 1972 • Spark Chambers • Balloons • Controversy • Second Generation Systems 1972-1991 • Spark Chambers • Small Satellites • SAS-II, COS-B • Third Generation Systems 1991-2007 • Spark Chamber • Bigger • EGRET on CGRO • Fourth Generation Systems 2007-2012+ • New Technology: Solid State • GLAST New Technology Increase in Size New Technology What? Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  4. Development of GeV-TeV TeV Sources Zero ~ 12 > 100 1000? • First Generation Systems 1960 – 1985 • Weak or no discrimination • Lebedev, Glencullen, Whipple, Narrabri, Crimea • Second Generation Systems 1985 – 2004 • Atmospheric Cherenkov Imaging Telescopes • Whipple, Crimea, CAT, HEGRA, Durham, CANGAROO …… • Third Generation Systems 2004 – 2010 • Arrays of Large ACITs • MAGIC-2, HESS-5, CANGAROO-III, VERITAS-4 • Fourth Generation Systems 2010 - • TBD New Technology Increase in Scale New Technology? Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  5. VERITAS, 2006 4 tel. MAGIC, 1 tel., 2004 2 tel., 2008 CANGAROO III, 4 tel., 2006 HESS, 4 tel., 2004 5 tel., 2007 World Picture of ACIT TeV Observatories

  6. HESS European Collaboration; M.P.I (Heidelberg) 4 x 12 m Telescopes Completed in Dec. 2003; located in NAMIBIA Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  7. CANGAROO III • Four telescope system • 10m diameter • 100m spacing • 427 pixel camera • 0.17º spacing • Woomera, S. Australia (31ºS 138ºE 160m a.s.l.) • 4 telescopes not yet in full operation Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  8. MAGIC Telescope : First Large Telescope MAGIC Telescope on La Palma (Oct.,2003) 17 aperture, new technology telescope Second Telescope in 2008; more new technology

  9. VERITAS-4 Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  10. H.E.S.S. Phase II • Improved sensitivity above lower threshold (50 GeV) in coincidence mode (stereo) • Test bed for 5@5 telescopes (stereo) • Investigation of images/background in stand-alone mode atverylow theoretical threshold (~ 10-15 GeV) + MC Improved sensitivity above lower threshold (> 50 GeV) in coincidence mode Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  11. 1 GeV 100 GeV Whipple 10 m (3s in 50 hrs) GLAST (2 Years) VERITAS-4(3s in 50 hrs) Differen Di Differential Flux Sensitivity Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  12. Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  13. Extrapolation: 2010-2012 Solar Arrays 100 GeV Window of Opportunity closing Particle Arrays Milagro Tibet, ARGO Galactic Plane Extended Sources Transients Prompt GRBs Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  14. Extrapolation: 2010-2012 HESS-5 Flux Sensitivity …x 2 improvementReduced Energy CANGAROO-III Keep HESS honest MAGIC-2 High Tech (eventually) Reduced Energy VERITAS-4 (veritas) Keep MAGIC honest Surveys Mapping HESS-5 will be the dominant force in this era. Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  15. Active Galactic Nuclei Extragalactic Background Light Gamma Ray Bursts Shell-type Supernova Remnants Galactic Diffuse Emission Gamma-ray Pulsars Plerions Unidentified Galactic EGRET Sources Dark Matter (Neutralino Annihilation) Cosmic Ray Origin Lorentz symmetry violation Overview of VERITAS Science Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  16. Scientific Areas Astronomy and Astrophysics Cosmological Questions Origin of Cosmic Rays Physics Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  17. SOURCES GLAST HESS Future of GeV/TeV Gamma-ray Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  18. Scientific Areas: After GLAST/HESS Astronomy and Astrophysics > 300 sources Old: SNR, AGN, Pulsars (GLAST), Dark Sources New: Clusters/Starburst /Others Cosmological Questions EBL Measured Distant Transients detected Origin of Cosmic Rays Sources (ACIT: HESS, veritas) Distribution (EAS: Milagro) Physics Dark Matter?? GRBs ?? Prompt: Milagro Delayed: MAGIC,veritas,HESS Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

  19. Summary Ambition should exceed Expectations Carpe Diem Where are the Cosmologists? Space Astronomy after GLAST? Size counts: keep it small! An Observatory, not an Experiment One is good, two is better Beyond HESS/GLAST UCLA

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