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How successful was the mandate system?

How successful was the mandate system?. Scramble for Africa— The Berlin Conference 1884-5. before this meeting 80% of Africa was under local & traditional control… …after this meeting 90% of Africa was under European control. Scramble for Africa.

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How successful was the mandate system?

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  1. How successful was the mandate system?

  2. Scramble for Africa—The Berlin Conference 1884-5 • before this meeting 80% of Africa was under local & traditional control… …after this meeting 90% of Africa was under European control.

  3. Scramble for Africa • The purpose was for European countries to have spheres of influence over areas • To gain their raw materials for industry • As a status symbol • Clashes between Germany and France over Morocco, between Britain and France over Sudan • Tension from this colonial system led to WWI, which is why Wilson’s 14 Points included a part about adjusting colonies to take care of the people inside them

  4. The Mandate System Post WWI • Another name for imperialism/colonialism? • Victorious nations would “administer” (rule?) old colonies • See LoN document—answer: • 1. According to Source A, why was the mandate system established? • 2. In what ways could it be argued that Article 22 still allowed the victorious powers to increase their influence and power? • 3. What other name does Source A give to the victorious powers?

  5. Mandates—Three Categories • Category A: most developed; Turkish colonies (Syria-France, Iraq-Britain, Palestine-Britain); should be administered for a short period • Category B: former Germany colonies in Africa; need more time and supervision before independence • Category C: Pacific colonies; pretty much stayed colonies

  6. LoN role • No real authority to watch over the mandates • Mandatory powers (Britain, France, etc) were supposed to send an annual report • When there was unrest in a mandate country, the LoN set up a committee to check it out, and did a pretty good job of it

  7. The Middle East • The former Ottoman territories were turned into mandates: • Syria to France (never able to control it very well—remember Faisal had a stint as ruler, then left) • Iraq to Britain (brought in Faisal eventually to rule) • Transjordan to Britain • Palestine to Britain • Series of bad/contradictory promises led to tension between Jews and Palestinian Arabs

  8. Africa

  9. Africa • Britain gained Eastern territories of Africa from Germany • France ended up with most of West Africa • ^ Supports the idea that the mandate system was just imperialism • But, the African mandates (and former colonies) did all gain independence (1950s & 1960s) • Bigger but, the mandate system did not reduce the gap between the “advanced” people and the “backward” people, so the aim of establishing racial equality failed.

  10. Research • Choose an African mandate during the inter-war years. Decide if the mandate system helped or hindered its development.

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