The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC By Ken DeVore Director, F-Squared Laboratories

1. The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC By Ken DeVore Director, F-Squared Laboratories Maryland Ohio North Carolina 25AUG10kd

2. Real-time diagnostics as you test Our Goal is to have your product PASS all tests required! Testing in Damascus Maryland, Middlefield Ohio, or at YOUR facility CERTIFICATIONS CE PED FCC Industry Canada R&TTE Safety Listings C-Tick LVD MACHINERY SERVICES Test & Assessment Training/Seminars Design Reviews Performance Site Survey Field Evaluations Energy Star Verifications Free Listing Transfers TESTING *EMC/EMI Radio Safety Performance Energy Star *Immunity & Emissions Testing PRODUCTS TESTED Medical Devices Laboratory Equipment Industrial/ Machinery Household Appliances Audio/Video Transmitters Receivers IT & More . . . YOUR KEY TO WORLD MARKETS! Doing things faster, respond quicker and provide you with personal attention We get the job done for you in the time frame that you require 1-877-405-1580

3. Presentation Outline • • Brief overview of Electromagnetic Interference • and Electromagnetic Compatibility • • EMC Directive • • Apparatus and Fixed Installations • • Examples of EMC Test Methods • What information is needed for a quote

4. The Choices You Make Now Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation

5. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) • Electrical / Electronic equipment • malfunctions due to Electromagnetic • Disturbances • Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) • An electrical system or product's ability to • operate without causing EMI that would • interfere with other equipment (Emissions) • and without being affected by EMI from other • equipment or the environment (Immunity)

6. Methods of Coupling The coupling between systems is a physical phenomena Limits and levels in standards are expressed in terms of these Phenomena There are 5 basic modes of coupling • Electrostatic • Capacitive • Inductive • Conductive • Electric (E) and magnetic (H) radiation fields

7. Phenomena Defined “any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning”

8. BASIC CONCEPT Electromagnetic Fields Are Everywhere They are NORMAL There are two paths Radiated (Airborne) & Conducted on Wires  

9. There are Exemptions Note – exemptions mean there is redirection for EMC compatibility • Equipment covered by Directive 1999/5/EC on Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment (R&TTE) • Certain Aeronautical products as referred to in EC regulation No1592/2002 • Radio equipment used by radio amateurs • Benign equipment

10. 2004/108/EC Directive – What Changed? • Clarification of scope and some definitions • Definition of compliance methods – DoC • Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations • Requirement for unique product identification • Clear treatment of fixed installations and their compliance obligations

11. The Scope of the New Directive FIXED INSTALATIONS A particular combination of apparatus used permanently at pre-defined locations APPARATUS Any finished product or combination thereof

12. Fixed Installation shall be installed applying good EMC engineering practices By using good - - - Segregation Shielding Filtering Grounding & Bonding Give Consideration to - - - RF Emissions and Immunity Line Emissions and Immunity and Transients

13. THIS INCLUDES MOBILE INSTALLATIONS Mobile installations are defined as a combination of apparati intended to be moved and operated in a range of locations are deemed to be apparatus. All provisions of the EMC Directive, as defined for apparatus, apply to mobile installations.

14. FIXED INSTALLATIONS The strategy is to manage and control EMC to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the Fixed Installation Project. Functional Safety consideration of EMC issues and the impact these may have on the safe operation of the equipment and neighboring environment. Functional Operation consideration The operation of the products and co-located equipment and systems may not be guaranteed by solely complying with EMC regulations or test standards

15. MEET THE EMC ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS • Equipment shall be designed and manufactured to • ensure that: • That the disturbance generated does not exceed • the level above in which radio and • telecommunications equipment or other equipment • cannot operate as intended……and • It has a level of immunity to the disturbances • to be expected in its intended use which allows • it to operate without unacceptable degradation • of its intended use

16. An EMC Technical Assessment Consists of - - - • Description of product Component selection • Description of environment Shielding, filtering, cables etc • Specific precautions • Performance criteria • EMC test data and reports • Design considerations and Technical Rationales

17. Develop an EMC Plan for Success • Describe the project including systems and equipment • Define the technical description • What are the project EMC requirements? • What are the project roles and responsibilities • Provide for EMC Testing • EMC Design Studies/PreScan EMC Testing • EMC Maintenance requirements • Don’t forget about your key subcontractors

18. Perform a Gap Analysis Where you think you are….where you need to be An EMC gap analysis design study will need to be performed to gather the EMC compliance status of equipment in terms of Declarations of Conformity, EN standards and if possible test reports. EMC testing of individual suppliers’ equipment may be required where inadequate EMC performance is identified through the EMC gap analysis.

19. This is your mind about now…… Lets try to bring this all together to make sense

20. Typical EMC Test Standards • Radiated Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22 • Conducted Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22 • Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2 • Flicker – EN 61000-3-3 • Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2 • Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3 • Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4 • Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5 • Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6 • Magnetic Immunity - EN 61000-4-8 • Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11

21. Electrical Ports Inputs/Outputs Testing - Guidance

22. RADIATED EMISSIONS Intentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC, RTTE, etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrum All other electrical products arenon-intentional Radiators, such as electrical circuits, are not designed to generate RF energy, but do. As a result, they could interfere with other devices

23. Radiated Emissions Verifies that the product's EM emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment in which the equipment will be installed or utilized

24. Radiated Emissions Simulation Performed At a Defined Level in V/m

25. Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your Location – Clearance Requirements

26. Radiated Emissions Design Tips • Use shielded cabling • Is your enclosure shielded • Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure • Use ferrites on cabling if needed • Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly • Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground • Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

27. Conducted Emissions This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system

28. Conducted Emissions Simulation Signal monitoring Signal Monitoring Device Coming from the device

29. Conducted Emissions Design Tips • Are you using shielded cabling • Is your enclosure shielded • Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure • Use ferrites on cabling if needed • Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly • Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground • Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

30. Harmonic Emissions Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave. When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated.

31. Harmonic Emissions Simulation Signal monitoring Signal Monitoring Device Coming from the device

32. Harmonics Emissions Design Tips • Use power factor correction circuits • The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal

33. Flicker Emissions The term “flicker” applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions. It is also known as surge emission. ie: light flicker

34. Flicker Emission Simulation Current monitoring Current Monitoring Device Coming from the device

35. Flicker Emissions Design Tips • Use pre-approved power supplies

36. ESD Immunity  Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation. These are applied either by air and by contact

37. ESD Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use  Electro-static discharge    

38. ESD Immunity Design Tips • Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane • Make sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used • If a plastic enclosure, consider conductive coatings or another sort of shielding • With keyboards consider using a “back-plane” ground sheet

39. Radiated Immunity Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies

40. Radiated Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use

41. Radiated Immunity Design Tips • Are you using shielded cabling • Is your enclosure shielded • Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure • Use ferrites on cabling if needed • Make sure the connectors are grounded properly • Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground • Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

42. EFT (Electrical Fast Transients) Immunity EFT is a test process to demonstrate the equipment’s resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce

43. EFT Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Signal injection Controlled Signal Source

44. EFT Immunity Design Tips • Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane • Does your unit have a power line filter • Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA • Use shielded cables • Employ multi-layer PCBs • Use shielded cables

45. Surge Immunity This tests the equipment’s level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching andlightning transients

46. Surge Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Pulse injection   Controlled Pulse Source 

47. Surge Immunity Design Tips • Use pre-approved power supplies • Are there surge suppressors installed

48. Conducted Immunity Evaluates the product’s ability to resist electrical signalsthat may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors

49. Conducted Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Signal injection Controlled Signal Source

50. Conducted Immunity Design Tips • Are you using shielded cabling • Is your enclosure shielded • Are there I/O line filters • Use ferrites on cabling if needed • Use multi-layer PCBs where possible • Are you using a power line filter