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Introduction to Mythology

Introduction to Mythology. Sheltered English I Mrs. Biggs and Mrs. Garcia Spring, 2011. What is Mythology?. The body of stories associated with a culture, institution, or person. Stories concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes.

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Introduction to Mythology

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  1. Introduction to Mythology Sheltered English I Mrs. Biggs and Mrs. Garcia Spring, 2011

  2. What is Mythology? • The body of stories associated with a culture, institution, or person. • Stories concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes. • Stories of forgotten or vague origin, basically religious or supernatural in nature, which seeks to explain or rationalize one or more aspects of the world or a society

  3. Gods and Goddesses of Early Civilizations

  4. The Aztec Gods and Goddesses • Religion was extremely important in Aztec life. • They worshipped hundreds of gods and goddesses - http://www.river-styx.net/aztec-myth-gods.htm • each ruled one or more human activities or aspects of nature • many agricultural gods • They believed that the balance of the natural world, the processes that make life possible - like the rain or solar energy - and that the destiny of people depended on the will of these gods.

  5. Tenochtitlan • One of the main cultural centers for the Aztec civilization. • All religious ceremonies were directed on the main temples.

  6. The Creator Gods • Huitzilopochtli • Tezcatlipoca • Quetzalcoatl • Tlaloc

  7. Huitzilopochtli • Also called the “Hummingbird Wizard” • War and Sun God • Main God of the Aztecs • Conquered warriors were sacrificed to him yearly. As many as 20,000 a year may have been killed.

  8. Tezcatlipoca • Also called “Smoking Mirror” • God of Night and all material things.

  9. Quetzalcoatl • “The Plumed Serpent” • The god of civilization, priesthood and learning. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9age8gGR5A

  10. Tlaloc • The Rain God • Children were drowned as sacrifices to him. • Main agricultural god.

  11. The Mayan Gods and Godesses • The ancient Mayans had a complex pantheon of deities whom they worshipped and offered human sacrifices. • Rulers were believed to be descendants of the gods and their blood was the ideal sacrifice • 117 gods and goddesses are documented for the Mayan culture - http://www.river-styx.net/maya-myth-gods.htm

  12. 60-square-mile site holds numerous pyramids, shrines, and ball courts, where Mayans played a sometimes dangerous version of soccer, reportedly using human skulls as balls Tikal

  13. Itzamná • Creator of the world • “The alligator god” • He symbolizes this universe • Presides over the divine society • God of medicine, earth and fire • Inventor of writing and books • Sends rain down to Earth • Four gods in one

  14. Ixchel • Itzamna's companion • Goddess of the Moon, fertility, medicine, weaving, rainbows, songs and childbirth. • Also watches over bodies of water - "Lady of the Sea"

  15. Resources • www.crystalinks.com/aztecgods.html • http://www.river-styx.net/maya-myth-gods.htm • http://www.river-styx.net/aztec-myth-gods.htm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9age8gGR5A • www.students.sbc.edu/gosline05/aztecpowerpoint.ppt

  16. Greek and Roman Mythology A Review of The Principal Gods and Goddesses

  17. What is a myth? • A traditional story rooted in primitive folk beliefs of cultures • Uses the supernatural to interpret natural events • Explains the culture’s view of the universe and the nature of humanity

  18. Cronos and Rhea were parents of Zeus (Jupiter, Jove) Poseidon (Neptune) Hades (Pluto) Hera (Juno) Hestia (Vesta) Demeter (Ceres) Other Olympians include Athena (Minerva) Ares (Mars) Hebe (Juventas) Hephaestus (Vulcan) Apollo (Apollo) Artemis (Diana) Hermes (Mercury) Aphrodite (Venus) Dionysus (Bacchus) Persephone The Principal Gods

  19. The Olympians

  20. Zeus • Roman Name: Jupiter (also Jove) • Supreme god of the Olympians. • Fathered many characters in mythology

  21. Zeus

  22. Hera • Roman Name: Juno • Zeus’s sister and wife • Jealous protector of marriage • Punished the women Zeus fell in love with

  23. Poseidon • Roman Name: Neptune • God of the Seas and Waters • “The Earthshaker”

  24. Hades • Roman Name: Pluto • God of the Underworld/ Dead • Kidnapped Persephone

  25. Hestia • Roman Name: Vesta • Goddess of Home • Powerful Protector

  26. Demeter • Roman Name: Ceres • Goddess of the Harvest • A Goddess of the Earth

  27. Athena • Roman Name: Minerva • Goddess of Wisdom and War • Sprang from Zeus’s head

  28. Ares • Roman Name: Mars • God of War • Son of Zeus and Hera • Bloodthirsty and merciless

  29. Hephaestus • Roman Name: Vulcan (Mulciber) • God of Fire/Forge • Son of Zeus and Hera • Kind, unlike his brother

  30. Apollo • Roman Name: Apollo • God of Light/Sun and Music • Brother of Artemis

  31. Artemis • Roman Name: Diana • Goddess of the Moon/ Hunt • Sister to Apollo

  32. Hermes • Roman Name: Mercury • Messenger of the Gods • Appears in more myths than any other character

  33. Aphrodite • Roman Name: Venus • Goddess of Love and Beauty • Sprang from the ocean foam

  34. Dionysus • Roman Name: Bacchus • God of Wine • Patron god of the Greek stage • A God of the Earth

  35. Persephone • Roman Name: Proserpina • Goddess of the Underworld • Daughter of Zeus and Demeter • Abducted by Hades

  36. Eros • Roman Name: Cupid • Young God of Love • Son of Aphrodite and Hephaestus

  37. Iris • Goddess of the Rainbow • Messenger for Zeus and Hera • Daughter of the titan Thaumus and the nymph Electra

  38. Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne Inspired artists of all kinds Goddesses who presided over the arts and sciences “He is happy whom the muses love.” The Muses Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia

  39. The Graces • Three Goddesses of Grace and Beauty • “They give life its bloom.” • Aglaia (Splendor) • Euphrosyne (Mirth) • Thalia (Good Cheer)

  40. The Erinnyes (The Furies) • Roman Name: Furiae or Dirae (The Furies) • Three Goddesses of Vengeance • Tisiphone • Alecto • Megaera • They punish evildoers.

  41. The Fates • Roman Name: Parcae, Moirae • Three sisters • Clotho (“The Spinner”) • Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”) • Atropos (“The cutter”) • They weave, measure, and cut the thread of life for humans.

  42. The Satyrs • Gods of the woods and mountains • “Shepherd gods” • Goat men (like Pan) • Companions of Dionysus • They like to drink, dance, and chase nymphs.

  43. The Gorgons • Three snake-haired monsters • Medusa is most well-known • Their look turns men to stone.

  44. The Centaurs • Half man, half horse • Savage creatures (except Chiron) • Followers of Dionysus

  45. Sources • Graphics in this presentation were taken from the following web sites: • http://www.bulfinch.org/fables/search.html • http://www.pantheon.org/ • http://www.messagenet.com/myths/ • http://mythman.com/ • http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html • http://www.paleothea.com/ • http://www.entrenet.com/%7Egroedmed/greekm/myth.html • This presentation is for educational purposes only; it has not been and should not be sold or used as a vehicle to make money.

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