An Updated Exposure Assessment for Furan from the Consumption of Adult and Baby Foods

1. An Updated Exposure Assessment for Furan from the Consumption of Adult and Baby Foods Michael DiNovi, Ph.D., and Jeremy Mihalov, M.S. April 18, 2007

2. Exposure Model • The total exposure to furan is the sum of the exposures from each food over all foods containing furan. • Exposure from each food is the product of the intake of that food and the concentration of furan in that food.

3. Exposure Model • Food intakes are derived from the 1994-6,8 USDA Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) • 2-day survey of >5000 individuals/year • Actual food intakes and body weights reported by individuals in the survey were used to calculate furan exposure. • Furan concentrations are from FDA as published on CFSAN website through spring 2007. • Adult foods, baby foods, and infant formula were considered separately.

4. Some Foods Containing Furan • Infant Foods • Juices • Jarred fruits • Jarred vegetables • Mixed chicken, beef, and pasta meals • Infant Formula

5. Some Foods Containing Furan • Adult Foods • Coffee • Canned/bottled vegetables, fruits, and fruit juices • Canned mixtures (chili, soup, pasta meals, baked beans) • Nutritional drinks • Jams/jellies • Snack foods • Cereals • Canned meats and fish, meat substitutes • Pasta sauces and gravies • Nutritional drinks

6. Furan Levels Identified by FDA • Limited variability within tested food types • Ranges from <LOD to 175 g/kg • Jarred infant foods • Sweet potatoes and garden vegetables, 15 to 110 g/kg • Other vegetables, 30 to 65 g/kg • Pastas containing meat, 10 to 90 g /kg • Juices, <10 g/kg • Fruits, <30 g/kg • Formula, <LOD to 21 g/kg (as ready to use) • All powdered samples were <LOD

7. Furan Levels Identified by FDA • Adult Foods • Coffee, <LOD to 80 g/kg • Brewed coffee levels typically higher than instant coffee levels • Juices, <LOD to 30 g/kg • Canned or cured meats, <LOD to 40 g/kg • Canned fish, < LOD to 10 g/kg • Snack foods, <LOD to 65 g/kg • Cereals, 10 to 45 g/kg • Canned mixtures (e.g., chili, soup, pasta meals & sauces, baked beans), < LOD to 125 g/kg • Nutritional drinks, <LOD to 175 g/kg • Gravies, 10 to 175 g/kg

8. Model Assumptions • Conservative, typical for FDA assessments • The concentration of furan in all furan-containing foods is the mean for the specific food type (reflects chronic exposure to varying levels). • All foods in a food type that has been shown to contain furan do contain furan, i.e., all chili whether canned or not. • 2-day intake data reflect lifetime usual intake

9. Furan Exposure • Based on concentration data posted through spring 2007 • Adult Foods (2+ year olds) • Mean 0.26 g/kg-bw/day • 90th percentile 0.61 g/kg-bw/day • Infant foods (0-1 year olds) • Mean 0.41 g/kg-bw/day • 90th percentile 0.99 g/kg-bw/day

10. Exposure from Adult Food Types 1. Assuming that all cereals contain the average level of furan of the 6 samples tested. Cereal intakes reported in the CSFII are brand specific, while other foods are typically generic.

11. Furan Exposure • Infant Formula • 100-120 Kcal/kg-bw/day needed for growth • Formula contains 0.8 Kcal/g • Mean furan concentration of 7 g/kg • Exposure • 0.9 g/kg-bw/day

12. Conclusions • Variability of furan levels within a food type is small; additional measurements within the same food type will not affect exposure greatly. • A broad number of food types has now been tested; additional measurements in new food types will not have a great effect on overall exposure, but will help define variability while reducing uncertainty.