Today’s Topics:

1. Today’s Topics: WWI (1914-1918) 1.) Causes of War in Europe? 2.) Why join the Allies? 3.) Causes of War in USA? Why did Wilson abandon neutrality? 4.) Mobilization for Total War.

2. Q: Causes of War in Europe?

5. Europe’s War Ignites Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand June 28, 1914: Ferdinand (next in line for A-H’s throne) visits Bosnia…there’s a parade in Sarajevo Ferdinand is shot by Gavrilo Princip = he’s from Serbia Issue??

6. July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia

7. Q: Why did Wilson abandon neutrality? 1914: “We should be neutral in thought, as well as, action” April 1917: Asks Congress to declare war

8. Q: Why did the US join the Allied Powers? Why not the Central Powers? Economic Concerns Cultural Ties German Violated our Neutrality? Desire for Post-War World Led by USA

9. Q: Causes for War USA?

11. US Neutrality is challenged(1915)

12. US Neutrality is challenged(1917)

13. Q: Mobilization; How did we prepare for Total War? Wartime Mobilization helped American industry grow. Strong ties were forged between business and government = will continue into the 1920s. Industrial Workers, Famers, and Minorities will make tremendous gains during the war. Post-War = inflation and increased immigration concerns will lead to many economic and social problems.

14. WWI was sold the American • People?? • Committee on Public Info • Lead by (George Creel) • Purpose = sway public opinion • through ads/speeches/other • mass media • Propaganda • Created 75 million pieces

17. Mobilization How did the Government, Business, Workers, and Citizens come together to help in the war effort?

18. Selling the War to Soldiers

21. Raising Money

22. Liberty & Victory Bonds • What: ***Liberty & Victory Bonds*** • Why was it needed? • To raise enough money to fight the war! • How did it work? • Americans could purchase a “bond” from the US government. That money went to pay for the war. In return, the government said that after the war people could cash their bonds in for money + interest. • Who was in charge? • Federal Reserve (US’s Bank)

23. Liberty & Victory Bonds USA borrowed $20 billion from American People

24. Worker & Business Cooperation

25. War Industries Board • What: War Industries Board (WIB) • Why was it needed? • To organize business and make sure war materials were made. • How did it work? • Controlled the flow of raw materials. Only the companies that needed the materials got them. • Who was in charge? • Bernard Barach

26. National War Labor Board • What: National War Labor Board • Why was it needed? • Maintain cooperation between workers and businesses so no one went on strike during the war. • Strikes meant war materials were not being made! • How did it work? • Government stepped in to help mediate (work things out). Sometimes they paid workers in order to keep them happy. • Who was in charge? • William H Taft

29. Espionage Act & Sedition Act • What: Espionage Act & Sedition Act • Why was it needed? • To keep Americans from protesting the war. • Important because if a nation is divided…it cannot win a war. • How did it work? • Government put people in jail. (usually without a trial) • Espionage = spying • Who was in charge? • FBI

30. Charles Schenck v. United States 1919 The Draft is illegal! case established the "clear and present danger" test

31. War created Opportunity?

32. Farmers

34. Food Administration • What: ***Food Administration*** • Why was it needed? • To conserve (save) food and make sure that the troops overseas got enough to eat. • How did it work? • Americans were forced to ration (cut back) on items. • Americans were asked to live without certain items, like nylon stockings • Who was in charge? • Herbert Hoover

38. Women

42. "The world must be made safe for democracy." April 2, 1917

43. African Americans

47. Assimilate

48. WWI Sacrafices

49. DEATHS

50. Spanish Flu DEATHS