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Alternative Fuels and CO 2 Emissions Which Path?

Alternative Fuels and CO 2 Emissions Which Path?. Lee Schipper, Ph.D. EMBARQ Paris September 2006. EMBARQ. A catalyst for socially, financially, and environmentally sound solutions to the problems of urban mobility. EMBARQ.

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Alternative Fuels and CO 2 Emissions Which Path?

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  1. Alternative Fuels and CO2 EmissionsWhich Path? Lee Schipper, Ph.D. EMBARQParis September 2006

  2. EMBARQ • A catalyst for socially, financially, and environmentally sound solutions to the problems of urban mobility

  3. EMBARQ • Established as a unique center within World Resources Institute in 2002, EMBARQ is now the hub of a network of centers for sustainable transport in developing countries. • Shell Foundation and Caterpillar Foundation are EMBARQ’s Global Strategic Partners, supporting EMBARQ projects worldwide • Additional EMBARQ supporters include • Hewlett Foundation • Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs • BP • US AID • Asian Development Bank • Energy Foundation • Blue Moon Fund • US Environmental Protection Agency

  4. Integrated View of Transport ProblemsThe ASIF Decomposition for Fuel and Emissionshttp://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2000/flex2000.pdf Lesson : Attack All Components of the Problem

  5. Alternative Fuels or Fuels: Basic Rules of Engagement • Tax CO2, Pollution, Vehicle use • Quantify externalities (admittedly difficult) – Nordic approach • Encourage all solutions to compete • Achieves maximum market efficiency • Don’t Subsidize (earmark, hypothecate) Alternative Fuels • Encourages energy and CO2 waste (US ethanol) • Skews playing field away from other low carbon options (efficiency, modal shifts, fewer trips) • Leads to formation of powerful lobbies • Specific Problems of Flexifuel • Vehicle not always optimized for fuel efficiency, local emissions • No guarantee alternative fuel will be used • In US, flex-fuel efficiency credits very counterproductive

  6. We Can’t All be Brazilian: Broader Issues for CO2 Restraint • Need Honest Fuel Cycle Assessment • Define global rules for measuring carbon and energy inputs • Use long-term vision – what new processes/sources on horizon? • Allows maximum efficiency of markets to work • For Sources –What Impact Short/Long Term • How much available over what term? • What is real carbon and/or oil savings? • What are hidden impacts (land, water, food, etc) • Broader Issues • How does source fit with long-term development and food goals • Do costs give (dis)-economies of scale? • What are roles of hidden agricultural, energy, or earmark subsidies

  7. Development and Low Carbon Transport Put Transport First • Choose Alternatives Now • Car intensive life not a necessity – root out hidden biases, subsidies • Transparent analysis of trends, alternatives, outcomes • Careful attention to long-term impacts • Changing Later More Difficult • Redoing physical infrastructure and land use for low-carbon • Changing the car-company and car-user mentality • Replacing hundreds of billions of $$ in fuel infrastructure • Make Transport Serve, not Sever Development • How can transport help long-term urban, rural goals? • How can efficient vehicles and systems serve transport? • Embed fuel and vehicle issues in larger transport context

  8. Thank You/Muito Obrigado Lee Schipper schipper@wri.org www.embarq.wri.org

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