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CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

CBA OF OPERATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN PITTSBURGH. Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin. CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002. Abstract. Objective and Motivation Introduction Description of the Model Results Conclusions and Future Plans.

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CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

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  1. CBA OF OPERATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN PITTSBURGH Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  2. Abstract • Objective and Motivation • Introduction • Description of the Model • Results • Conclusions and Future Plans Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  3. Objective & Motivation • Monetary Cost • Efficiency • Availability • Feasibility • Environmental Impacts • CMU Solar House 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  4. Renewable Energy Data from the U.S. • Renewable energy 8% out of total energy • Solar Energy 1% • Reference: Web Site: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ Main Products of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use: Annual energy review: renewable energy section 10.5 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  5. CMU Solar House 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  6. BP(conventional) PV System 120V Combiner Boxes Batteries Charge Controller DC AC INV Switch

  7. PV System Key components • Conventional Solar panels has 36 cells (photovoltaic cells) • Self regulating panels • DC-inverter-AC Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  8. Cost Benefit Analysis • Comparison • PV System For a Typical House In Pittsburgh • House covered 100% by PV System • Hybrid covering the months with highest sun irradiation and House With Classical Grid-Based System Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  9. Maximum Sun Irradiation Factor (energy) KWh/ m2 For the Northeast of the U.S. is 6 KWh/m2 Web Site: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  10. Description of Model Electricity Consumption Data Selection Solar Technology Geographical Factors Yearly Consumption of Avg. Household[KWh/yr] Characteristics of the Solar Panel(inefficiencies, Max. Capacity) Monthly & Daily Consumption in the Months of High Solar Irradiation(choice of 3 and 5) [Watts] Requirement of Energy considering the Solar Insolation Factor for the Region [Watts] Additional Factor from PV Panels (heating vs efficiency) Total No. of Panels from Total Requirement of electricity (Watts) / Net Production per panel (Total Area of Solar Irradiation) Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  11. Factors for Cost Estimates Cost of Panels [ $ / panel] ~ $ 500 USD No. of Panels ~ 44 Approximate Cost of Panels $ 22,000 USD Cost of Batteries [ $ / Battery] No. of Batteries ~ 40% of No. of Panels Total Cost of Batteries $ 8,500 USD Additional Installation Costs Wiring, rack for modules, connection devices, labor work and transportation ~ $ 12,345 USD Total Investment Cost $ 42, 850 USD Year 2002 Additional Costs Additional Cost for Electricity from Grid $ 525 ~ $ 430 USD / yr (with no change in consumption behavior from average household in the U.S.) Compare to the $1,000 USD of yearly spending for future O&M Activities: Replacement of Batteries Bank every 4 Years Cleaning Activities of Panel Array ~ $ 80 USD / Year Replacement of the whole PV System (solar panels, connectors, wiring, batteries, etc.) every 20 years Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  12. Case PV covers only in Months with major Sun Irradiation • Two Variations: • 3 Months with highest Sun Irradiation (June, July, August) • 5 Months (May, June, July, August, September) • Assumptions for Future Improvements in Technology • 20 and 40 yr period : Improved efficiency of panels, capacity of Peak Watts per panel, $ per panel and per battery decreases Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  13. Case 2 PV covers only in Months with major Sun Irradiation The actual average cost of Electricity from the Grid ~ $ 0.10 / KWh Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  14. Conclusions and Further Estimations – I. • Estimated cost of electricity produced by the grid connected PV system ~ 38¢/kWh • Data from studies: 25¢/kWh – 50¢/kWh • Conventional power plant: 11¢/kWh Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  15. Conclusions and Further Estimations – II. • Benefits? • Increased siting flexibility • Decreased installation lead time • Installations cause fewer disruptions • Improved aesthetics • Increased reliability • Portability • Progressive "green" image Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  16. Conclusions and Further Estimations – III. • Progressive "green" image • “Low environmental impact—they are quiet and nonpolluting (no greenhouse gas emissions).” • /Federal Energy Management Program/ • We can avoid the environmental impacts (e.g. GHG emission) of the estimated yearly 2,500 - 3,600 kWh electricity production • Is this significant compared to the environmental impacts of the PV system? Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  17. Conclusions and Further Estimations –IV. • How to make it feasible? • Net metering • Renewable Energy Pilot Program • 10% federal tax credit and accelerated depreciation on the PV system • Continuous technology improvement Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

  18. Further Information http://www.eren.doe.gov/sunlab http://www.sandia.gov/pv http://www.arc.cmu.edu/carnegie_team http://www1.sedo.energy.wa.gov.au/renewable.asp http://www.trfund.com/sdf http://www.bccf.org http://www.sustainable.energy.sa.gov.au/pages/advisory/renewables/types/solar/technologies http://www.solarpaces.org/resources/technologies.html http://www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

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