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The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2. Arabian Peninsula Before Islam. Cross roads of 3 continents Africa, Europe and Asia Trade (Cultural Diffusion) Religion? The Ka’aba Jews and Christians Nomadic Bedouins Water and food conflict. The Prophet Muhammad.

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The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

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  1. The Birth of IslamUnit 3 PP 3Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

  2. Arabian Peninsula Before Islam Cross roads of 3 continents Africa, Europe and Asia • Trade (Cultural Diffusion) • Religion? • The Ka’aba • Jews and Christians • Nomadic Bedouins • Water and food • conflict

  3. The Prophet Muhammad • Born in Mecca (570-632) • Orphan at 6, married at 25 to Khadijha (6 kids) • 610 vision of the Angel Gabriel • Receives the new religion of Islam from Gabriel • Koran revealed over a period of 23 years

  4. A Muslim Community • 622 Muhammad forced out of Mecca • The Hijra(Hegira) Why? • From Mecca to Medina • While in Medina he gains followers and wins many battles • 630 he returns to Mecca and casts the idols out of the Kaaba • 632 Mohammed dies • Sharia Law • Regulates moral conduct (common legal framework

  5. Islamic Law • No changes or translations to Koran • No priests (equality) • Imams • Mohammed is the last and greatest prophet • “People of the book” • Moral code • Gambling, drinking • Rights of women

  6. Important Islamic Terminology • Islam v. Muslim • Mosque • Imam • Minaret • Caliph • Jihad • Koran • Ka’aba

  7. The Five Pillars of Islam • No god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet • Charity • Pray 5x a day • Ramadan • The Hajj

  8. Unit 3 PP 4 Chapter 10 section 2 Building a Muslim Empire

  9. The Rise of the Caliphate • Caliphs: Abu-Bakr the first Caliph (Father in Law) • Spread the faith by uniting the tribes of the Arabian peninsula • Defeated the Byzantines and the Persians • After the first 4 Caliphs there is a problem!

  10. Split in Islam • Disagreements continued over the successor to Muhammad • The 4th Caliph Ali assassinated in 661 by the Ummayyads • Division: • Shiite (minority: more radical) • leader should be related to Muhammad • Sunni (majority: more moderate) • Successor should be the most qualified

  11. Early success of Islam • Conquered Byzantines, Palastine, Syria, Egypt and Persia • Jihad (Holy War) • The Umayyad Dynasty in control from Damascus • Favored Arabs and military leaders • In 750 The Abbasid Dynasty comes to power (Baghdad)

  12. Middle east and North Africa

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