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The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865. The Civil War is won by the Union and strongly affects the nation. Union soldiers sitting in front of a tent. NEXT. The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865. SECTION 1. The Emancipation Proclamation. SECTION 2. War Affects Society. SECTION 3. The North Wins.

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  1. The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865 The Civil War is won by the Union and strongly affects the nation. Union soldiers sitting in front of a tent. NEXT

  2. The Tide of War Turns, 1863–1865 SECTION 1 The Emancipation Proclamation SECTION 2 War Affects Society SECTION 3 The North Wins SECTION 4 The Legacy of the War NEXT

  3. Section 1 The Emancipation Proclamation In 1863, President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, which helps to change the war’s course. NEXT

  4. SECTION 1 The Emancipation Proclamation Calls for Emancipation • Abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, urge Lincoln to emancipate slaves • President Lincoln does not feel he has power to abolish slavery • Does not want to divide the nation further by freeing slaves • If freeing the slaves weakens the South, then Lincoln would do it NEXT

  5. SECTION 1 The Emancipation Proclamation • President Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863): - frees all slaves in Confederate territory Image • Frees southern slaves, weaken South, makes proclamation military action • Lincoln asks Congress to gradually abolish slavery throughout Union • Few slaves actually liberated because most live far from Union troops • Proclamation makes Civil War a war of liberation NEXT

  6. SECTION 1 Response to the Proclamation • Abolitionists are happy about Emancipation Proclamation • Some Northern Democrats afraid proclamation will anger South more • Most Union soldiers welcome proclamation, it makes South weaker • Southerners outraged, many slaves begin to run away to Union lines: - deprives Confederacy of labor - provides Union with soldiers NEXT

  7. SECTION 1 African American Soldiers • Emancipation Proclamation lets African American men join Union army Image • After emancipation, African Americans rush to join army • African American soldiers are often given worse jobs, less pay • Show great courage on the battlefield • By war’s end, 180,000 black soldiers in Union army NEXT

  8. SECTION 1 The 54th Massachusetts • African American 54th Massachusetts Regiment1st organized in North • Leads heroic attack on Fort Wagner in South Carolina (July 1863) Image • Heroics of 54th lead to increased African American enlistment • African American prisoners often shot or returned to slavery by South NEXT

  9. Section 2 War Affects Society The Civil War causes social, economic, and political changes in the North and the South. NEXT

  10. SECTION 2 War Affects Society Disagreement About the War • Southerners grow weary of war, Confederate deserters increase • Copperheads—Northern Democrats that favor peace with South Image • Lincoln has protesters arrested, suspends writ of habeas corpus NEXT

  11. SECTION 2 The Draft Laws • North, South pass laws of conscription, also known as the draft: - require men to serve in military • In South, North men can hire substitutes to serve in their place • North offers bounties, cash payments, to men who volunteer to serve • Anger over draft leads to New York City draft riots (July 1863) NEXT

  12. SECTION 2 Economic Effects of the War • Inflation—an increase in price and decrease in the value of money • In South, food shortage, inflation are common Chart • In North, inflation is less, war boosts industry • U.S. establishes the first income tax—a tax on earnings (1861) • U.S. issues new paper money, greenbacks, which: - ensures people have money to spend - helps Union pay for the war NEXT

  13. SECTION 2 Resistance by Slaves • To hurt Southern economy, slaves: - slow their work pace or stop altogether - sabotage crops and farm equipment - refuse to join fleeing planters • Many enslaved people run away from plantations, join Union army NEXT

  14. SECTION 2 Women Aid the War Effort • Many women run farms, take over “men’s” work in factories, offices • Work for soldier relief agencies and as nurses Image • In North, Dorothea Dix is leader of about 3,000 nurses • Women serve as spies, including: - Harriet Tubman for North - Belle Boyd for South NEXT

  15. SECTION 2 Civil War Prison Camps • In North, South prisoners of war face terrible conditions • Prison camp at Elmira, New York, is one of the worst in North • Camp at Andersonville, Georgia, is one of the worst in South Image • Thousands of prisoners die of sickness, exposure NEXT

  16. Section 3 The North Wins Thanks to victories, beginning with Gettysburg and ending with Richmond, the Union survives. NEXT

  17. SECTION 3 The North Wins The Road to Gettysburg • President Lincoln names Ambrose Burnside as commander of U.S. army • Burnside loses to Confederates at Battle of Fredericksburg (1862) • Lincoln replaces Burnside with General Joseph Hooker • Hooker loses to Confederates at Chancellorsville, Virginia • Confederate General “Stonewall” Jackson is killed at Chancellorsville • General Lee decides to invade North again to: - fuel Northern discontent with war - gain European support NEXT

  18. SECTION 3 The Battle of Gettysburg • Union, Confederate forces fight 3 days, Battle of Gettysburg(1863) Interactive • Confederate attack, known as Pickett’s Charge, fails • General Lee, Confederates retreat, Union army fails to pursue • Lee’s hopes for a Confederate victory in the North are crushed NEXT

  19. SECTION 3 The Siege of Vicksburg • General Grant, troops fight Confederates at Siege of Vicksburg Map • After a month and a half siege, Confederates surrender (July 1863) • Union has control of entire Mississippi River, South is split in two • Britain gives up all thought of supporting the South NEXT

  20. SECTION 3 Sherman’s Total War • President Lincoln names General Grant commander of Union armies • General William Tecumseh Sherman, Union troops push to Atlanta • Captures Atlanta (September 1864), marches to sea, wages total war Interactive • Union troops tear up rail lines, destroy crops, burn and loot towns • Sherman’s success helps Lincoln win re-election • Sherman captures Savannah (December 1864) NEXT

  21. SECTION 3 Grant’s Virginia Campaign • Grant’s army, Lee’s army fight series of battles in Virginia • Despite high casualties, Grant’s army continues to advance • Grant’s army lays siege on Richmond, Virginia, for 10 months • General Lee, troops evacuate Richmond, Grant captures the city NEXT

  22. SECTION 3 Surrender at Appomattox • General Lee sends message, he is ready to surrender to General Grant • Surrender arrangements made at Appomattox Court House(April 9, 1865) Image • Grant offers generous terms, Confederates can return home in peace • After four long years, the Civil War comes to a close NEXT

  23. Section 4 The Legacy of the War The Civil War brings great changes and new challenges to the United States. NEXT

  24. SECTION 4 The Legacy of the War Costs of the War • Many Northerners, Southerners have bitter feelings toward each other • President Lincoln hopes to heal the nation, bring North, South together • Civil War, deadliest war in American history; has great economic costs Chart NEXT

  25. SECTION 4 The Thirteenth Amendment • Emancipation Proclamation only frees slaves in the Confederacy • Thirteenth Amendment(1865) bans slavery in the entire U.S. NEXT

  26. SECTION 4 Lincoln’s Assassination • John Wilkes Boothshoots President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre Image • Booth’s accomplice stabs Secretary of State William Seward • Lincoln dies morning after, (April 15, 1865), Seward recovers • First American president to be assassinated • U.S. troops kill Booth, capture his accomplices • Lincoln’s murder stuns the nation, causes intense grief NEXT

  27. SECTION 4 Consequences of the War • U.S. is viewed as single country not collection of states • The Civil War also causes: - national government to expand - national government to grow more powerful - new industries to grow rapidly - economic disaster in the South Chart NEXT

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