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Post-Telegraphic 2

500,000. 300,000. Post-Telegraphic 1. Post-Telegraphic 2. 175,000. 100,000. Telegraphic 1. Telegraphic 2. 50,000. Two Word 1. Two Word 2. 25,000. 10,000. Holophrastic 1. Holophrastic 2. 5,000. 2,000. Pre-Verbal 2. Pre-Verbal 1. 1,000. Pre-Verbal.

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Post-Telegraphic 2

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  1. 500,000 300,000 Post-Telegraphic 1 Post-Telegraphic 2 175,000 100,000 Telegraphic 1 Telegraphic 2 50,000 Two Word 1 Two Word 2 25,000 10,000 Holophrastic 1 Holophrastic 2 5,000 2,000 Pre-Verbal 2 Pre-Verbal 1 1,000

  2. Pre-Verbal • How long does the pre-verbal stage last?

  3. 12 months Return

  4. Pre-verbal • What are the 4 stages of pre-verbal development?

  5. Vegetative, cooing, babbling, proto-word. Return

  6. Holophrastic Stage • What is the holophrastic stage?

  7. When single words relate consistently to identifiable referents. Return

  8. Holophrastic Stage • Give 2 examples of holophrastic stage words.

  9. Daddy, Juice. Return

  10. Two Word Stage • Name a two word utterance construction.

  11. Person – action • Object – described • Action – object • Object – located • Object – posessor Return

  12. Two Word Stage • Give an example of a two word stage utterance.

  13. Mummy car • Dolly there • Baby bed • Baby cry Return

  14. Telegraphic Stage • What do children omit from their utterances at this stage?

  15. Prepositions, auxiliary verbs, determiners. Return

  16. Telegraphic Stage • What is underextension?

  17. When a child can only name an object when they see it in person, but not in a picture. Return

  18. Post Telegraphic Stage • What is mean length utterance calculated in?

  19. Morphemes Return

  20. Post Telegraphic Stage • What are the two types of morpheme?

  21. Bound and Free Return

  22. Congratulations!

  23. Key Words • Inflectional Morphology: The modification of a word to fit its grammatical role. For example, 'sang' and 'walked' are inflected in the past tense. • Derivational Morphology: The creation of new words. For example, the nouns 'solemnity' and 'toughness' are derived from the adjectives solemn and tough • Virtuous Error: A mistake that is logical and sheds light on a child’s language development.

  24. What is Morphology? • The study of word structure, especially in terms of morphemes. • Morphology is an aspect of grammar that becomes increasingly important as a child’s language develops.

  25. Making words do different things – Inflective Morphology How many morphemes? What do the bound morphemes do? • I walked • He has two dogs • I am eating • I am the tallest person in my class • He used the steamer to cook lunch • The doctor’s surgery

  26. Making words do different things – Inflective Morphology • I walk + ed – Shows the past tense • He has two dog + s – Plural • I am eat + ing – Progressive aspect • I am the tall + estperson in my class – Comparative • He used the steam + er to cook lunch – object performing verb • The doctor + s surgery - Possession

  27. Derivational Morphology

  28. Derivational MorphologyConversion? Affixation? Compounding? Extension: think of your own examples of Conversion, Affixation and Compounding.

  29. Virtuous Errors and New Words • They are not mistakes because they have an underlying logic to them. • They can tell us a great deal about when a child is picking up and understanding from the language around them and how they are trying to apply rules to their own language.

  30. What is ‘wrong’ with these utterances? • I runned • There was three mans • I eating • That baddy got a shooter • They shotted their arrows at the baddies • Daddy go work

  31. A Quick Recap... What do these key terms mean? Morphology: Inflectional Morphology: Virtuous Error:

  32. Overgeneralisation • Children start to apply rules that they have observed in other people’s language. If a child has heard –ed used when talking about events that occurred in the past, they might start applying this rule to all verbs. • This is ok for verbs such as walked, pushed or opened, but many verbs have irregular past tense forms. Name 3 verbs that don’t have regular past tense forms.

  33. Jean Berko and the Wugs... • The majority of children naturally formed the –s plural of the fictional creature The Wug. • This also worked with other fictional creatures – heaf, cra, tor, lun – with broadly similar results.

  34. Analysing Data For each statement decide: • Are there any ‘virtuous errors’? • What do they tell us about how the child has acquired language? Extension: What are the differences between what the child has said and what an adult would have said?

  35. And Finally... Explain these terms in your own words. • Inflectional Morphology: • Derivational Morphology: • Virtuous Error: • Overgeneralisation:

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