Statistics Canada

1. Statistics Canada Canadian Heritage Statistique Canada Patrimoine canadien THE ETHNIC DIVERSITY SURVEY(EDS)Content and Data AvailabilityKelly Trankelly.tran@statcan.ca416-952-1919Statistics CanadaJune 21, 2005

2. Outline of presentation • Overview of the Ethnic Diversity Survey • objectives • survey design • content • Review of Ethnic Diversity Survey products • Advice on use of data on the EDS Analytical File • Description of the EDS Public Use Microdata File

3. Ethnic Diversity Survey objectives • To provide information on the ethnic and cultural backgrounds of people in Canada and how these backgrounds relate to their lives today • To provide information to better understand how Canadians of different ethnic backgrounds interpret and report their ethnicity • Survey funded jointly by Statistics Canada and the Department of Canadian Heritage

4. Target population & sample design • Non-Aboriginal individuals aged 15 years and older living in private dwellings in Canada’s ten provinces • 57,200 persons selected to be interviewed between April and August 2002 • Two-phase stratified sampling design based on responses to the 2001 Census ethnic origin, birthplace & birthplace of parents questions; 15strata were created

5. Reference period & data collection • Computer Assisted Telephone interviews April to August 2002 • Average length of interview: 35 to 45 minutes • No proxy reporting • 42,500 respondents: response rate = 75.6%

6. English French Mandarin Cantonese Italian Punjabi Portuguese Vietnamese Spanish Languages of interview

7. Content development • Theoretical framework developed • Balance of content, response burden and manageable costs • Operationalization of concepts into workable questions to be asked of a diverse population • Consultation with Advisory Committees • Focus groups, one-on-one testing, pilot test

8. Final content of the Ethnic Diversity Survey • Basic demographics • Family / household composition • Ethnic self-definition • Religion, language • Family background and family Interaction • Social networks and civic participation • Perceptions of discrimination • Sense of belonging, trust and satisfaction • Socio-economic activities

9. Survey themes & questionnaire content • Entry • Age, sex, marital status • Family / household composition • Ethnic self-definition • Ethnic ancestry • Ethnic identity • Importance of ancestries and identities

10. Survey themes and content (continued) • Respondent background • Birthplace • Citizenship • Year of immigration • Other countries lived in • Visible minority status • Religion: importance of, participation

11. Survey themes and content (continued) • Knowledge & use of languages • First language: understood & spoken • Knowledge of languages • Home languages • Languages used with friends • Languages used with family to age 15 • Languages used at work

12. Survey themes and content (continued) • Family background • Ethnicity, first language, highest level of schooling and religion of mother and father • Birthplace of parents and grandparents • Ethno-cultural, immigration, language, education and religion data for spouse • Language data for child aged 3 or older

13. Survey themes and content (continued) • Family Interaction • Frequency of contact with family living in Canada • Frequency of contact with family living in parents’ & grandparents’ birthplaces and in other countries • Visits to country of birth & parents’ & grandparents countries of birth

14. Survey themes and content (continued) • Social Networks • Friends in ethnic group, up until respondent was age 15 and now • For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” • Importance of carrying on customs and traditions • For 2 highest rate ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module

15. Survey themes and content (continued) • Civic Participation • Participation in groups or organizations in the past 12 months (ethnic and other types) • Frequency of participation (for 3 groups) • Ethnicity of co-members (for 3 groups) • For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module • Volunteering (for 3 groups) • Voting in federal, provincial & municipal elections

16. Survey themes and content (continued) • Interaction with Society • Feeling uncomfortable because of ethnicity, culture, race, language, religion: up until the age of 15 and now • Discrimination or unfair treatment in the past 5 years as a result of ethno-cultural characteristics: frequency, reason & place • Hate crime: experience, reason & worry

17. Survey themes and content (continued) • Attitudes • Rating of sense of belonging to family, ethnic group, town/ city/ municipality, province, Canada, North America • Trust & Satisfaction • General life satisfaction • Trust: general, family, neighbours, people at work or school

18. Survey themes and content (continued) • Socio-economic activities • Highest level of schooling, country of schooling & current school attendance • Labour force questions, occupation, industry & income (personal & household) • Ethnicity of co-workers • For 2 highest rated ancestry groups other than “Canadian” ranked a 4 or 5 in importance in ID module

19. Ethnic Diversity Survey products • Official release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily September 29, 2003 • Analytic article: Ethnic Diversity Survey: portrait of a multicultural society • Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) • Custom tabulations • Analytical file at Research Data Centres

20. Survey documentation • Survey overview and questionnaire: http://www.statcan.ca/english/sdds/4508.htm • Codebooks with and without frequencies • Users’ Guide (and methodology and data quality documentation) • WesVar Users’ Guide (bootstrap weights)

21. Research Data Centres (RDCs) • University of British Columbia • University of Calgary • University of Alberta • University of Manitoba • University of Western Ontario • University of Waterloo • University of Toronto • Queen's University • Carleton Ottawa Outaouais Local (COOL) RDC • Federal Data Access Centre • McMaster University • University of Montréal • University of New Brunswick • Dalhousie University

22. Analytical data file at RDCs • Access granted through application to Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, available at: http://www.sshrc.ca/web/apply/program_descriptions/ciss_reseach_data_e.asp • EDS file includes all content from the survey: raw data and derived variables • Includes detailed geographic identifiers • Includes some 2001 Census information

23. Final content of the Analytical File • Includes data for 42,476 respondents • All content from the survey (raw data in flat file format with SAS and SPSS cards) • Derived variables • Some 2001 Census information (e.g. major field of study, number of rooms in dwelling) • Postal code and other detailed geographic identifiers are present

24. Survey weights • Each respondent represents a certain number of other people in the population who were not part of the sample • Population weights & bootstrap weights (used to determine coefficients of variation) are included on the Analytical File present in the RDCS • A weight is associated with each respondent and must be used for all estimates and analysis

25. The use of survey weights is crucial • The sampling ratio differs widely from one strata to another; • The final weight assigned to each respondent underwent numerous adjustments for non-response and post-stratification; • The weighting of data ensure that the EDS sample is representative of the target population; • Without the weights: false / misleading results for most types of analysis.

26. WesVar software: variance • Used to verify coefficients of variation (cvs) • Can also be used for regression analysis • WesVar reads .ssd, .xpt, .sav, .dat and .txt files • Does not alter the original file, but creates a new one; can be used to view or print output • Tip: include all the variables in the first WesVar file you create - otherwise you will need to repeat later and importing files can be slow

27. Analysis: Level of geography • Good quality data are generally available at national, regional and provincial levels and for Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver CMAs; • Atlantic provinces are always aggregated; • Counts at the census subdivision and municipality level are generally small and the results of survey estimations will probably be unreliable and/or the results may be unsuitable for publication because of the risk of statistical disclosure.

28. Analysis: Complexity of data • Some concepts are similar yet distinctly different from one another: ancestry, identity, visible minority status, language, religion, etc. • Multiple response variables: e.g. ethnic ancestry, identity, languages, organizations, etc. • Follow-up questions for some topics: (a) universe is restricted; (b) requires link to inserted ethnic ancestry/language/group or organization.

29. EDS Public Use Microdata File (PUMF) • Extensive list of variables, but not as detailed as the RDC file… reduced detail protects confidentiality. • Flat file format, with SAS and SPSS cards, CV tables. • PUMF sample was41,695 compared to 42,476 in the analytic file. • Access through the Data Liberation Initiative, free of charge, or, copies may be purchased for $2,140. To purchase a copy contact client services at (613) 951-5979 or by e-mail at sasd-dssea@statcan.ca

30. EDS PUMF: Selected content geography and ethnic ancestry • Geography: • Canada • Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver, Other CMAs, Non-CMAs • Ethnic ancestry: • 2 “counter” variables • 2 summary variables • 1 detailed variable (in 8 parts), showing 50ethnic and cultural groupings

31. EDS PUMF: Selected content ethnic identity, importance of ethnicity • Ethnic identity: • 2 “counter” variables • 2 summary variables • 1 detailed variable (in 6 parts), showing 27ethnic and cultural groupings • Importance ratings for ancestry and identity • Flags indicating differences between original responses versus final codes

32. EDS PUMF: Selected content ethnic salience • Follow-up questions: • Raw variables for ethnicity of friends now and when growing up • Raw and derived variables for ethnic customs and traditions • Raw variables for knowledge of local ethnic associations • Derived variables for co-participators have same ethnic ancestry or ethnic ancestries (2 summary variables) • Sense of belonging to ethnic group

33. EDS PUMF: Selected content birthplace and generations • Respondent’s birthplace: 12 specific countries, 7 broader world regions • Birthplace of parents variable shows “Same as” or “Different from” respondent. • 1st, 2nd, 3rd plus generation • Period of arrival for 1st generation: before 1991 or between 1991-2001 • Age at arrival for 1st generation: 0-5, 6-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65+

34. Complexity of data on RDC file and PUMF: Concepts & multiple responses • Similar yet distinctly different concepts: ancestry, identity, visible minority status, language, religion, etc. • Determine relevancy to research, carefully select variables • Multiple response variables: e.g. ethnic ancestry, identity, languages, organizations • Choose summary or detailed variables • Detailed variables: need to combine data from more than one variable/field and create user-defined “dummy variables”

35. Complexity of data on RDC file and PUMF: Follow-up questions • Asked of only a select population; • Requires linking to inserted ethnicity (or language or group or organization); • Ethnicity response provided by the respondent may be slightly different from the text name for the ethnic code included on the file (use of flags recommended); • Again, multiple response issue: need to combine data and create user-defined derived variables.

36. Research potential with the EDS Unpacking Ethnicity Discrimination & Unfair Treatment Socio-economic Status EDS Social Capital Social Networks Transmission of Culture & Language Participation in Society Transnationalism

37. Other Statistics Canada data sources on ethnic diversity Main sources: • Census • Longitudinal Immigration Data Base (IMDB) • Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) Other sources: • Canadian Community Health Survey • Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics • Youth in Transition Survey • Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey

38. Questions? Analytical File: Contact your local RDC analyst PUMF: Client Services Social & Aboriginal Statistics Division 613-951-5979 sasd-dssea@statcan.ca