While whites and blacks both fought in the US military, most units were segregated

1. SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.

2. a: Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response. • While whites and blacks both fought in the US military, most units were segregated • Whites were typically given more responsibilities while blacks were assigned jobs as cooks, janitors, and other jobs that were seen as demeaning.

3. a: Explain A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington, D.C., and President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response. • A. Phillip Randolph was an African American leader who proposed a march on Washington D.C. in protest of racial discrimination in the military • President Roosevelt supported the Fair Employment Act to end discrimination in the military • This was effective in stopping the march and helping end the discrimination

4. b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans.

5. b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans • "A date that will live in infamy...“ December 7, 1941 • Japan was upset with the United States because, as they were trying to take over the Pacific, the U.S. was taking measures to prevent them from doing so • The U.S. expected an attack from the Japanese, they just didn’t know when or where it would occur • Most in the U.S. expected the Philippines, mainly because they felt Pearl Harbor, a large US Naval base, was too shallow for torpedoes

6. b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans • Just before 8 am on December 7, 1941, Japanese planes (who had maintained radio silence the entire way) began a string of bombings on Pearl Harbor • The U.S. had noticed planes on radar, but thought they were U.S. planes. • Within 2 hours, the Japanese had sank or severely damaged 12 Navy ships, destroyed nearly 200 warplanes, and killed or wounded around 3000 people.

7. b. Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese- Americans, German-Americans, and Italian-Americans • With the U.S. now officially at war following the attack, many in the United States were paranoid that Japanese, German and Italian Americans would support their home countries in the war • Because of this, the U.S. created Internment Camps where thousands of these citizens were relocated so that the U.S. could “keep an eye on them” • The Japanese Americans suffered the worst as many of them had lived in the United States for several generations and lost everything. In 1983, the U.S. gave $20,000 to all living Japanese Americans who suffered through these camps.

8. C. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. • After Roosevelt was elected for a 3rd term in 1940, it was obvious that the U.S. could not stay out of war much longer. • Roosevelt developed the Lend Lease Act where the president could send aid to any country who was seen as vital to the U.S.---if the country could not pay for the aid, the U.S. would allow them to pay for it later---this was mainly made for Great Britain • Roosevelt defended this by saying “If your neighbors house in fire, you don’t sell him a hose, you give him a hose. You take it back when the fire is out. This helps your neighbor and also keeps the fire from spreading to your house.”

9. C. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. • The war in Japan: Admiral Yamamoto (the mastermind behind Pearl Harbor) felt that for Japan to win the war, the entire fleet of U.S. ships in the Pacific would need to be destroyed • The Battle of Midwayproved to be a turning point in the war for the United States as they were able to sneak attack the Japanese and gain momentum in the war. This also increased morale as the United States could go on offense and be the aggressor in the war against Japan • The U.S. began to Island Hop where it would attack and conquer a group of small islands and then move on and do the same to the next group of islands. Very effective tactic.

10. C. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. • Perhaps the most famous U.S. attack during the war was D-Day, which occurred in Normandy, France on June 6, 1944 • Also known as Operation Overlord, General Dwight D. Eisenhower lead an amphibious invasion to stop the advance of Hitler and the Germans from taking over France • It took the Allies less than a week to get 500,000 troops on land, and very little time to advance to Paris to take back over France’s capital from Germany

11. C. Explain major events; include the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of Berlin. • Less than a year after the very successful D-Day invasion in Europe, the Allied troops advanced to Berlin where Hitler retreated to a bunker. • Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945. There is still much question, and many theories, surrounding Hitler’s death as he and his wife (who also committed suicide) were both cremated by Hitler’s men. It was 1956 before a German court finally declared Hitler dead. • May 8, 1945 was celebrated as V-E Day as the Allies were finally celebrating the defeat of the Germans • Sadly, President Franklin D. Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 and never saw the victory that he had worked so hard to accomplish for the final years of his Presidency

12. d. Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war industries.

13. Rationing and War Bonds • 1941 the government began rationing tires, two years later, certain items were assigned “point values.” • Once citizens used up all their points they could no longer buy certain luxury items. ( ie sugar)

14. War Bonds

15. Role of Women during the War • Women roles turned dramatically during the WWII era. • Women had to fill in the gaps that the men left during the war era. • Rosie showed that women could do anything that the man could do. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55NCElsbjeQ

16. e. Describe the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic bomb.

17. Manhattan Project • Took place in Los Alamos, New Mexico. • Scientists first tested the new weapon in the New Mexico desert. • The blast was so dramatic that it shattered windows up to 125 miles away. • Harry S. Truman was at the Potsdam conference discussing postwar politics with Churchill and Stalin. • The Allied forces still called for “ unconditional surrender.” • Japan didn’t want to give up their Emperor, so Truman gave the go ahead to bomb Japan.

18. August 6, 1945 a B29 bomber dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. • Many thousand died on the initial contact of the bomb, but more died after due to the radiation released from the blast. • 2 days later, Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria. • When Japan delayed in issuing its surrender, the United States dropped another bomb on August 9thin the city of Nagasaki.