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By Anson Wong, Sharon Hong, & Stephanie Kwok

By Anson Wong, Sharon Hong, & Stephanie Kwok. Flin Flon , MB. - Population: 5,592 - ’Border town’ located in between Saskatchewan and Manitoba. HBM&S. Founded in 1927 by the Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company. Smelting - To produce metal from its ore.

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By Anson Wong, Sharon Hong, & Stephanie Kwok

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  1. By Anson Wong, Sharon Hong, & Stephanie Kwok

  2. FlinFlon, MB - Population: 5,592 - ’Border town’ located in between Saskatchewan and Manitoba

  3. HBM&S Founded in 1927 by the Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company Smelting - To produce metal from its ore

  4. - Name derived from science fiction novel: ‘The Sunless City’ by J.E. Muddock- Tales of Josiah FlintabbateyFlonatin, an explorer I’m Flinty!

  5. Above-ground Sewer & Water pipelines • Wooden and insulated • Used as sidewalks

  6. ‘A City Built Upon Rocks’

  7. Physical Geography & the Economy of FlinFlon

  8. Trans-Hudson Orogen

  9. Volcanic Assemblage Volcanic Volcaniclastic Sedimentary Synvolcanic Intrusive Rocks Amisk Volcanic Belt

  10. Volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits • Basalt • Basaltic Andesite Flows • Rhyolite Flows • Zinc, copper, silver, and gold Mining

  11. Economic Downturn? • June 2010: FlinFlon copper smelt closed • 2012: Trout Lake Mine slated to close • 2001 – 2006: -6.8% • 2006 – 2011: -4.2% Population Downturn?

  12. FlinFlon Environmental Issues

  13. Condition after 1930’s • Had to clear forestation in the area • Little vegetation remained • Due to mining/smelting • Chemicals leaked into surface of soil • Most dangerous is arsenic • Research conducted at University of Regina • Increasing exposure to arsenic causes cancer • Needed to find solution to rid soil of contamination

  14. Sudbury Green Project • Sudbury had similar issue • Mining/smelting in Sudbury contaminated soil • Head of Soil Science at Laurentian University • Professor Keith Winterhalder • Found limestone as possible solution • Started a green project • Spread crushed limestone into soil • Also restoring the vegetation/forestation • Condition is slowly getting better

  15. Soil Science : Limestone • Increases pH of soil, allowing Cu/Ni (due to mining) and As to precipitate out of soil • Reduces toxicity of soil as Al+ ions combine with OH- ions in limestone • Increases integrity of plasma membrane in root , allowing plants to stop uptake of toxic ions • Reduces metal ion uptake (due to exchange complex in root hair with Ca/Mg) • Increases P available in soil (plant nutrient and protection against Al toxicity)

  16. FlinFlon Green Project • After noticing effect in Sudbury • Decided to do same thing in FlinFlon to restore vegetation and rid soil contamination • Started the FlinFlon Green Project in 2000 • Had volunteers (students, community etc.) • Plant trees • Spread crushed limestone into soil • Recently (2011), noticed changes in soil • Beginning of organic topsoil

  17. Green Project as of 2011 • Green : 2000-2009 • Red : 2010 • Blue : 2011

  18. - The End -

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