Healthy Sexuality

1. PPL10F Health Unit One Healthy Sexuality

2. Ground Rules Giggling is okay! Remember- there are no dumb questions Respect what others say use correct anatomical terms okay to pass on a question let me know if you need to speak to me privately Understand others feelings and respect differences Expect the teacher to respect confidentiality* No personal questions or stories Discuss sex education topics responsibly outside the classroom Speak for yourself!

3. High-Low...What’d ya know? That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. Teen pregnancy rates have dropped over 36% • in the past 10 years. • A. Statistics Canada and other sources show that the teen pregnancy rate has declined consistently over recent years, particularly among 15- to 17-year-olds. • What is a possible reason for this is?

4. High-Low...What’d ya know? • 6. Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are highest among:a) 15- to 24-year-old malesb) 15- to 24-year-old femalesc) 29- to 34-year-old females • 6 Answer: B Reported rates information from Health Canada suggests that STIs disproportionately affect youth in Canada: HPV rates are highest among women under 25; gonorrhea is most common among those aged 15 to 24; and chlamydia rates have been climbing consistently among 15- to 19-year-old females since 1997. That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. About 30% of Grade 10 and 12 students • have a hard time talking to their parents • about sex. • A. In a study of 2,353 Grade 10 and 12 students done by the University of Regina and Planned Parenthood Regina, 67% of teenagers found it difficult to talk to their parents about sex.

5. High-Low...What’d ya know? That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. 25% of grade 9 students have had sexual intercourse at least once. • A. Approximately 25% of grade 9 students have reportedly engaged in a sexual relationship with a partner. According to a study, the more friends who have had sex, the more likely a teen is to have sex for the first time.

6. High-Low...What’d ya know? That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. Only 60% of teens who are sexually active use • protection. • A. Although 85% of teens report themselves as being ‘knowledgeable’ in pregnancy and STI prevention, only 58% use contraception. Many do not use condoms because they weren’t expecting to have sex.

7. High-Low...What’d ya know? That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. 40% of students say they received meaningful • sex education from their parents • A. Less than 15% of teens receive sex education from their parents. Although many get their information from friends, they prefer to gain knowledge through parents, school or doctors or clinics.

8. High-Low...What’d ya know? That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. 15% of sexually active teens have an STD/STI • A. One out of every four sexually active teens has an STI, and one in two sexually active youth will contract an STI by age 25. 40% of teens incorrectly believe that “The Pill” protected against STD/STI’s

9. High-Low...What’d ya know? That’s too high That’s too low That’s about right • Q. The current age of sexual consent is 14 years • old. • A. Canadian law currently holds that youth aged 16 and older can consent to sexual activity, but the law includes a ‘close in age’ exemption. That said, it’s illegal for an adult to engage in sexual activity with someone who is under 18 years of age if the adult is in a position of trust or authority.

10. What is sexuality? • Everything that describes changes of behaviour that reflects a person’s maleness or femaleness • Includes attitudes and values that contribute to your sexual health (ie. feelings about nudity, premarital sex, masturbation, sexual orientation, STD’s, contraception, pregnancy prevention) • Sexuality is a lifelong process that is constantly developing. • There is always a decision making element to sexual behaviour. Individuals must accept the concequence(s) • of their behaviour choices.

11. Puberty

12. True or False T F Females usually begin puberty at a younger age than males. rue T F During puberty, the organs of the reproductive system get smaller. alse T F During puberty, only males develop hair on their legs and under their arms. alse T F During puberty, males and females grow taller. rue T F During puberty, only females develop pubic hair. alse T F During puberty, males and females change in shape. rue

13. True or False? T F The changes in the body are caused by hormones. rue T F After puberty begins, people sweat more. rue T F Menstruation occurs during puberty. rue T F Puberty is different for everyone. rue T F During puberty, you cannot get pimples if you wash properly. alse T F A female can become pregnant before she reaches puberty. alse* T F The average age of menstruation is 12.8 years of age. This number continues to decrease. rue

14. Puberty ... • Puberty is the point at which males & females become physically capable of reproduction. And the changing Body • Fuelled by changing hormone levels, puberty begins in males with the first nocturnal emission (ie. `wet dream`) and in females with the start of menstruation. Many other secondary sex characteristics also develop within this time.

15. Male Secondary Sex Characteristics • A small gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary glandreleases hormones (FSH) to signal the beginning of puberty. • The testicles begin producing the male sex hormone called testosteronewhich signals to the body to start ‘growing up’. FSH • This begins production of sperm, the male sex cell, and the development of secondary sex characteristics in males. testosterone

16. Male Secondary Sex Characteristics

17. female Secondary Sex Characteristics • A small gland at the base of the brain called the pituitary glandreleases hormones (FSH & LH) to signal the beginning of puberty. • Theovaries begin developing the female sex hormone called estrogen & progesteronewhich signals to the body to start ‘growing up’. FSH / LH • This begins maturation of ova / egg, the female sex cell, and the development of secondary sex characteristics in females. Estrogen & Progesterone

18. female Secondary Sex Characteristics

19. Boys plumbing 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. seminal vesicle rectum bladder 2 anus 1 vas deferens epididymus 4 prostate gland penis 3 5 urethra 10 6 foreskin 12 7 11 testicle 8 scrotum 9

20. Girls plumbing 2 3 4 3 1 5 11 6 8 7 10 9 1. 5. 9. 2. 6. 10. 3. 7. 11. 8. vagina egg / ova clitoris hymen urethra fallopian tube ovary labia endometrium uterus cervix

21. Menstruation

22. Menstruation Cycle Fact or Fiction?

23. Anyone who touches anything she has sat on must wash clothing and body and will remain unclean until evening. A woman should not have intercourse while she is on her period. A woman normally has period about every 28 days Fiction Fiction FACT

24. Women who are menstruating often smell fishy. Fiction If a girl hasn’t had her first period by the age of fifteen, something is wrong and she should see a doctor. Women who are menstruating should not exercise actively or play athletic sports. Fiction Fiction

25. Some women have a period that varies by a week or more from month to month. Women are likely to be emotionally unstable when they are menstruating. The best way for a woman to keep herself clean is to use a feminine deodorant spray. FACT Fiction Fiction

26. Mensus (Flow) Luteal Follicular Ovulatory

27. The menstrual cycle Lining of the uterus sheds. New egg matures. Lining of uterus begins to thicken. Days 6-13 Mature egg released from ovary into fallopian tube. Egg travels to uterus, if not fertilized, dissolves. Lining of uterus break down.

28. The menstrual cycle

29. fertilization

30. fertilization On day 14, during ovulation, a mature egg is released from the ovary. An egg has a lifespan of approximately 3-5 days after it is released from the ovary. At this time it is in the fallopian tube. Sperm is deposited in the vagina through ejaculation during intercourse. In order for sperm and egg to unite, the sperm travels to the egg in the fallopian tube. When sperm and egg unite it is called fertilization or conception. The fertilized egg is now called a zygote. The zygote continues toward the uterus, where it implants itself in the lining called the endometrium.

31. fertilization A zygote becomes an embryo after it implants itself in the endometrial lining of the uterus. An embryo becomes a fetus after about 8 weeks when human features begin to be seen.

32. Signs of Pregnancy • Period is late or missed. • Abnormal period, lighter or shorter than usual. • Breast tenderness or fullness. • Nausea and sometimes vomiting. • Changes in appetite. • Frequent urination. • Fatigue or tiredness.

33. Pregnancy Tests • URINE TEST—to detect the presence of HCG, a hormone that is produced when a woman is pregnant. • PELVIC EXAM—to check the size of the uterus. • BLOOD TEST—rarely used because urine tests are simpler to use and just as accurate

34. Pre-natal care D. spinal cord A. amniotic sac E. placenta F. umbilical cord G. amniotic fluid B. uterus H. cervix C. fetus I. vagina J. rectum Uterus: protects and ‘houses’ the fetus for 9 months. Amniotic Fluid: protects the fetus for 9 months by absorbing shock and mantaining temperature.. Umbilical Cord: the ‘roadway’ that delivers nutrients to baby and removes waste Placenta: Allows for exchange of materials from mother to baby and vice versa.

35. Signs of Labour • “Bloody Show” -- Mucous plug • Water breaks • Contractions

36. Childbirth

37. First Stage The cervix dilates during labour to allow the baby’s passage down into the birth canal.

38. Second Stage • Baby moves down into canal • Uterus contracts to deliver baby through the birth canal

39. Third Stage • Uterus continues to contract. • The placentais expelled from the body after the baby’s birth and is known as the afterbirth.

41. Contraceptaquiz Are you an expert in birth control? Rate yourself on the following quiz on your knowledge and attitudes on CONTRACEPTION. There is no faultless method of birth control. False

42. Practising Birth control takes the thrill out of sexual intercourse False

43. Birth control is not the male’s responsibility. False

44. There are certain times of the month when there is no danger of a female becoming pregnant. True

45. A vasectomy can be reversed later, if the male wishes to have a family. True

46. The failure rate of the condom is mainly because of the manufacturer’s defects. False

47. There is no reason to have unprotected intercourse because the diaphragm is available at any drugstore. False

48. The morning after pill can be used if no precautions were taken the night before. True

49. The male can always withdraw before ejaculation, therefore other methods are not needed. False

50. Practising rhythm and withdrawal methods at the same time is as effective as any other method. False