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INFLUENCE OF MAYOR OF THE PALACE CHARLES MARTEL

THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKS obj: To see how the Franks ruled their kingdom by looking at the assimilation of Gallo-Roman, Germanic and Christian influences. INFLUENCE OF MAYOR OF THE PALACE CHARLES MARTEL. RISE OF CHARLES MARTEL.

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INFLUENCE OF MAYOR OF THE PALACE CHARLES MARTEL

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  1. THE KINGDOM OF THE FRANKSobj: To see how the Franks ruled their kingdom by looking at the assimilation of Gallo-Roman, Germanic and Christian influences

  2. INFLUENCE OF MAYOR OF THE PALACECHARLES MARTEL

  3. RISE OF CHARLES MARTEL • CLOVIS’ DEATH ALLOWS MAYOR OF THE PALACE TO EXPAND POWER AT THE EXPENSE OF THE KING’S POWER. • 714 CM BECOMES MAYOR OF THE PALACE – MOST IMPORTANT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT • 732 BATTLE OF POITIERS – DEFEAT MUSLIM ADVANCE INTO WESTERN EUROPE – “THE HAMMER” • 741 DIES & SON PEPIN TAKES OVER AS MAYOR OF THE PALACE – VIRTUAL RULE OVER MEROVINGIAN EMPIRE • SON DEPOSED MEROVINGIANS WITH PAPAL PERMISSION & ASSUMED KINGSHIP FOR HIS FAMILY – CAROLINGIANS

  4. PEPIN – CAROLINGIAN DYNASTYANOINTING BY POPE – SAN VITALE AT RAVENNA

  5. PEPIN & PAPAL RELATIONS • LOMBARDS MOVING IN TOWARDS ROME • TRADITIONALLY SOUGHT MILITARY HELP FROM BYZANTINE EMPEROR BUT ICONOCLAST CONTROVERSY OF 730 WIDENED DIVIDE B/W E. & W. CHURCHES – ICONOCLASTS OPPOSED ICONS IN CHURCHES (WORSHIPPING ICON NOT GOD) & MANY IN WEST DIDN’T OPPOSE, ULTIMATELY CHURCH AGREED ICONS WERE OK – BYZ. SAYS CAN’T HELP AT THIS TIME & POPE STEPHEN II ASKS PEPIN FOR HELP • ANOINTS PEPIN (ST. BONIFACE) – NOW NOT ONLY PRIESTS BUT KINGS ANOINTED 754 – DIVINE ASPECT OF KINGSHIP – PEPIN GIVES LAND TO PAPACY “PAPAL STATES” 784 • ALLIANCE BETWEEN FRANKS & PAPACY ESTABLISHED – BOTH WILL BENEFIT FROM RELATIONSHIP

  6. REIGN OF CHARLEMAGNE 768-814

  7. CHARLEMAGNE’S ADMINISTRATION • PEPIN DIES 768 & SON CHARLES, TO BECOME CHARLEMAGNE OR CHARLES THE GREAT, TAKES KINGSHIP • CHARLEMAGNE: FIERCE WARRIOR, INTELLIGENT, TALL, INQUISITIVE, RESOLUTE STATESMAN & PATRON OF LEARNING • 54 MILITARY CAMPAIGNS – SUCCESSFULLY OUSTS LOMBARDS FROM ALL ITALY 773 – CONSTANT WARFARE ONLY 7 YEARS OF PEACE IN W. EUROPE 714-814 • MOST SUCCESSFUL IN TAKING TERRITORY IN EAST • NOT UNTIL NAPOLEON IN 19TH AND HITLER IN 20TH CENTURIES WOULD EMPIRE OF IT’S SIZE BE SEEN AGAIN – 3 REICHS • NO SYSTEM OF TAXATION SO RELY ON ROYAL ESTATES FOR RESOURCES & IN EXCHANGE CH. GAVE THESE FAMILIES LIFETIME HOLDING OF LAND • MAKE COUNTS AGENTS OF KING, NOT LOYAL TO LAND, MOVE THEM OFF FAMILY LAND TO DO THEIR JOB, MOVED COUNTS AROUND SO THEY DIDN’T GET TOO COMFY • APPOINTED COUNTS, NOT HEREDITARY – AGAIN LOYALTY TO CHARLEMAGNE • MISSI DOMINICI – MESSENGERS OF THE LORD – SENT OUT INTO EMPIRE TO CHECK UP ON COUNTS & REPORT BACK • EMPIRE LARGE, TRAVEL SLOW, INEFFICIENT, LACK OF SUPERVISION • LOYALTY TO KING HELD EMPIRE TOGETHER – TRAVELED EXTENSIVELY TO ENSURE LOYALTY • BECOMES EMPEROR CHRISTMAS DAY 800 DUE TO AID IN 799 TO POPE LEO III

  8. CORONATION 800 & RESPECT FROM HARUN AL RASHID

  9. EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE 814

  10. TREATY OF VERDUN 843 • AT DEATH EMPIRE TOO BIG FOR SON • INFIGHTING LED TO SON LOUIS THE PIOUS TO DIVIDE INTO 3 PARTS WITH AID OF POPE GREGORY IV • 1ST EUROPEAN BOUNDARIES • GRANDSONS OF CHARLEMAGNE • CHARLES THE BALD – WEST • LOTHAR – MIDDLE & TITLE EMPEROR • LOUIS – EAST & TITLE “THE GERMAN” • WITH DIVISION COMES FRAGMENTATION OF POWER & RISE OF LOCAL LEADERS • NEED BETTER MAP

  11. ROMAN CHURCH IN UNCERTAIN TIMES – ROLE OF POPE GREGORY I FATHEROF MEDIEVAL PAPACY • PRIOR TO GREGORY I 590-604 GERMANIC KINGDOMS CONVERT BUT CORRUPT, CHURCH OFFICES BOUGHT & SOLD • GREGORY CHANGES ALL THIS & PUTS CHURCH ON ENERGETIC PATH TO PLAY A MORE POMINENT ROLE IN CIVILIZING GERMANIC TRIBES & CREATING NEW CULTURE • GREG I ASSUME CONTROL OF ROME & SURROUNDING AREAS THAT SUFFERED DURING 6TH C. INVASIONS & CREATED ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT THAT WILL BE KNOWN AS PAPAL STATES • CONSTANT CONTACT W/ FRANKISH RULERS • MISSIONARIES KEY TO SUCCESS • 4TH LATIN CHURCH FATHER ALONG WITH JEROME, AMBROSE & AUGUSTINE – BOOK OF PASTORAL CARE MOST IMPT., HANDBOOK FOR HOW TO BE A BISHOP • USED PERSUASION NOT FORCE & WILLINGNESS TO ASSIMILATE PAGAN PRACTICES INTO CHRISTIANITY

  12. IRISH CONVERSION & MONSATICISM

  13. ENGLISH & IRISH CATHOLICISM & ROLE OF MISSIONARIES • ENGLAND CHURCH BEST TRAINED & EDUCATED BY 700 DUE TO MISSIONARY WORK BEGUN UNDER POPE GREGORY • IRISH NOT PART OF ROMAN EMPIRE SO DEVELOPS OWN TYPE OF MONASTICISM: SELF DENIAL, CONSTANT PENANCE, FASTING, LOTS OF LEARNING – EDUCATION EXTREMELY IMPORTANT – PRESERVE CLASSICAL LITERATURE • IRISH GO TO ENGLAND, ESTABLISHED LINDISFARNE IN NORTHUMBRIA • IRISH CELTIC CHRISTIANITY CLASHES WITH ENGLISH ROMAN CHRISTIANITY • ISSUES SETTLED SYNOD OF WHITBY 664 – ACCEPT SOME CELTIC TRADITIONS BUT CLEARLY ROMAN CATHOLIC • ENGLISH MISSIONARIES TRAVEL TO CONTINENT OF EUROPE

  14. EDUCATION CRUCIAL IN MOST MONASTERIES IMPORTANCE OF READING, WRITING, IMAGES USEFUL CAROLINGIAN MANUSCRIPT WHITBY MONASTERY 657 (HILDA)

  15. ST. BONIFACE 675 – 754APOSTLE OF THE GERMANS • MOST IMPORTANT MISSIONARY FROM ENGLAND • MADE ARCHBISHOP FOR HIS MISSIONARY ACTIVITY • WORKED W/ C. MARTEL TO REGENERATE FRANKISH CLERGY • KILLED TRYING TO CONVERT PAGANS • EFFORTS OF ST. BONIFACE HELPED MAKE EUROPE THE BASTION OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM

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