Chapter 11 Section 2

1. Chapter 11Section 2 War with Spain

2. Conflict in Cuba • Supporters of expansion had long been interested in Cuba • Cuba and Puerto Rico were the last of the Spanish colonies in America • Cuba launched a series of unsuccessful revolts against Spain • {Cuban poet Jose Marti was one of many activists banished from Cuba to Spain not once but twice for fighting for Cuban independence} • Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba to put down the revolt

4. The United States Reacts • Many Americans sympathized with Cuba’s situation • {Newspaper publisher, William Randolph Hearst, published tales of Spanish atrocities in Cuba in an effort to inflame American war sentiments} • The nation teetered on the edge of war until Spain was unfoundedly blamed for the battleship the USS Maine blowing up • On April 11th 1898 Congress declared war on Spain {The Spanish-American war was on and its rallying cry was “Remember the Maine”}

5. WAR WITH SPAIN • Congress recognized Cuba as independent it adopted the {Teller Amendment that stated that once Cuba gained its independence the U.S. would “leave the government and control of the Island to its people”} • The first war’s battle took place in the Philippines led by {Commodore George Dewey aboard his flagship the Olympia} • Dewey easily defeated the Spanish fleet then focused on the capture of the city of Manila • Dewey obtained the support of a {Philippine rebel army leader named Emilio Aguinaldo} in the city and Spanish forces were forced to surrender

6. Battle of Manila Bay

7. Fighting in Cuba • In the wars most famous battle Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt led a cavalry of 1,000 men called the Rough Riders toward the garrison on San Juan Hill • By nightfall U.S. troops controlled the ridge above Santiago • Then the navy sank the Spanish fleet in Cuba • Two weeks later Spanish troops in Cuba surrendered • {The out come of the Spanish-American War was that Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam. To the United States.} The U.S. also purchased the Philippines from Spain for $20 million • {When the U.S. gained overseas territory they became an imperial power}

8. The Rough Riders led by Roosevelt

9. Uproar over the Philippines • Some Americans questioned whether it was proper to annex a foreign territory and rule its government and its people • Others wanted it annexed to serve as a trading post and re-fueling station • The Senate narrowly approved the treaty and annexed the Philippines on Feb 6 1899 • Meanwhile, Aguinaldo had already set up rule in the Philippines and vowed to go to war with the U.S. if they tried to take the country by force • For the next three years Filipino freedom fighters battled U.S. soldiers for control of the Philippines

10. Emilio Aguinaldo

11. Continued…. • U.S. forces defeated the Filipinos in 1902 • The U.S. government passed the Philippine Government Act, which established a governor and a two-house legislature to rule the Philippines (which would be appointed by the U.S.) • Later the Jones Act of 1916 granted the Filipinos the right to elect both houses of their legislature • Not until July 4th 1946 did the U.S. finally granted independence to the Philippines

13. Review • Cuban poet Jose Marti was one of many activists ________ from Cuba to Spain not once but twice for fighting for Cuban independence • Who published tales of Spanish atrocities in Cuba in an effort to inflame American war sentiments? • What was the rallying cry of the Spanish American War? • Spain ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Pacific island of Guam to who? • What did they become when the U.S. gained overseas territory?

14. Do you think it might have ninja skills in addition to being a mutant?