By ANMOL GARG (Lect. Govt. Polytechnic College, Bathinda) 9914410599 garganmol2@rediffmail

1. ByANMOL GARG(Lect. Govt. Polytechnic College, Bathinda)9914410599garganmol2@rediffmail.com STAIRS EDUSAT RESOURCE MATERIAL

2. STAIRS AND STAIRCASES-In every building, some arrangement should be made to provide access to its different floors and roof. -These levels are connected for communication by any of the following methods:1> Ladders2> Steps-stair3> Escalators4> Lifts5> Ramps and chutes6> Trolley-rope ways

3. Stairs and Stair case: A series of steps which provides access from one floor to another is called a stair, and the part of the building accommodating the stair is known as Stair Case.> A Stair may be constructed with steps either rising continuously or with a break in the form of landing in between.> All the steps should be so designed and constructed that up and down movement can be made with ease, comfort, quickness and safety.> The Stairs can be of any suitable material.

4. > Classification of stairs acc. to material used> WOODEN STAIRS> STONE STAIRS> METAL STAIRS> R.C.C. STAIRS> BRICK STAIRS

5. Wooden Stairs: It consists of wooden members!> It also consists of various members such as: Strings or Stringers, Treads, Risers and Nosing.> Treads and Risers are jointed by tongued and grooved joints, which are further housed in or fixed to the strings to form steps of a flight

9. > Nosing projection should be 15 mm and not more than the thickness of the tread in any case> The Scota or other ornamental mouldings can be provided under the projection of nosing

20. Stone Stairs: The Stairs constructed of specially dressed Stone Blocks or Slabs are called Stone Stairs> These are more Durable, Hard, Fire-Resistant and Simple in construction> They are not liable to Decay> They are commonly used as External Stairs leading from the Ground level to the Entrance of a building at Ground floor> They are also used as approaches to Basement, Heating Chambers etc.> They are formally used in Commercial and Public buildings

22. Metal Stairs: The Stairs having different members made of Steel or Cast Iron are known as Metal Stairs> In these Stairs, The Strings are usually in the form of Steel Channels or Plates> The Treads consist of Checkered or Steel Plate, Concrete or Stone Slabs, fixed at their ends to the Strings by means of Angle Iron by Rivets or Welding> These Steps are suitable where rough Wear and Tear and Fire-proof qualities are required like Factories, Godowns etc.

23. The Treads of Metal Stair can be constructed of: 1) Metal Stair with Checkered Plate or Conc. Slab:> It consists of Steel Strings of Channels or Troughs with Checkered Plate Treads as shown:2) Metal Stair with Steel Plate & Stone Slab Treads> In this, the Treads are of Steel Plates> The Stone and Marble Treads can also be used as shown:

25. 3) Metal Stair with Concrete Steps: In this Stair, the Stringers are of Steel and Steps constructed of Concrete as shown:> The Steps are finished with Metal Nosing

26. 4) Spiral Stair: The Metal Stair consisting of a central pipe Newel fixed with C.I. Steps around it in a Spiral form is known as Spiral Stair as shown:> The Treads are of Checkered Plate Treads for safety and can be of Precast or Cast-in-situ Treads> Used on Terraces, small Space and Lesser Traffic

30. Concrete Stairs: The Stairs constructed of Cement Concrete, Plain or Reinforced, are called Concrete StairsConcrete Stairs are of two following types1) Plain Concrete Stairs2) R.C.C. Stairs

31. 1) Plain Concrete Stairs: The Concrete Stairs constructed of Precast Concrete blocks or Cast-in-situ Cement Concrete without using Reinforcement are known as Plain Concrete Stairs> TheStepsare mostly of Spandril type and are supported as in case of Stone Stairs> These Stairs are constructed in place of Stone Stairs and are mainly used at entrances to the buildings these days

32. 2) R.C.C. Stairs: The Stairs constructed of Reinforced Cement Concrete are known as R.C.C. Stairs> The Steps are usually finished with Non-slippery material as Tiles, Terrazzo, Marble or other finish for pleasing appearance> For this, checkered grooves may be provided on it> The nosing is prevented to damage by fixing Brass, Iron castings or by embedding G.I. pipe at the nosing or paving the treads with Flag Stones as shown:

34. > Balusters are fixed into holes in treads by embedding them in Rich Cement Mortar

35. The Advantages of R.C.C. Stairs are:> Easy to construct into any geometrical shape> More durable, Fire-resistant and less noisy> Require comparatively thin sections> With suitable finish, provides pleasing appearance> Easy to wash and clean so provide better sanitation> They can be built of any complicated designThe R.C.C. Stairs are further of Three types:1) R.C.C. Slab and Beam type Stair2) R.C.C. cantilever type Stair3) R.C.C. Slab type Stair

36. 1) R.C.C. Slab and Beam Type Stair: The R.C.C. Stair in which Steps are designed to act as slab between the Wall and a Stringer or between two Stringers is known as R.C.C. Slab and Beam Type Stair as shown:

37. 2) R.C.C. Cantilever Type Stair: The R.C.C. Stair in which steps are cantilevered from the wall is known as R.C.C. Cantilever Type Stair

38. 3) R.C.C. Slab Type Stair: The R.C.C. Stair in which each flight is designed and constructed as Inclined Slab is known as R.C.C. Slab Type Stair

40. Brick Stairs: The Stairs constructed of brick masonry are called Brick Stairs> This type of Stair can be made either Solid or provided with Arches to reduce the quantity of brickwork as shown:> The Treads of such Stairs are generally kept 1-1/2 brick in width and rise= two layers of bricks

42. THANK YOU????ANMOL GARG9914410599garganmol2@rediffmail.com