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Physics 470 Lecture

Physics 470 Lecture. Hydrogen Fuel Cells May 9, 2012. The hydrogen fuel cell. The PEM fuel cell. Features of a fuel cell. Sir William Grove invented the fuel cell in 1839 Hydrogen gas is fed to the negative terminal (the anode )

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Physics 470 Lecture

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  1. Physics 470Lecture Hydrogen Fuel Cells May 9, 2012

  2. The hydrogen fuel cell

  3. The PEM fuel cell

  4. Features of a fuel cell • Sir William Grove invented the fuel cell in 1839 • Hydrogen gas is fed to the negative terminal (the anode) • A catalyst helps the hydrogen to split, sending its electrons through an external circuit and the protons through an electrolyte

  5. Features of a fuel cell • Oxygen combines with the electrons at the positive terminal (the cathode) and protons to form water • The overall reaction combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water.

  6. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell • Has a high power density and low operating temperature • The electrolyte is a specially treated polymer (chemically related to Teflon) that conducts only positive ions • The membrane must be hydrated (7 water molecules for every proton conducted!) • The membrane is “poisoned” by carbon monoxide

  7. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell • The anode-membrane-cathode assemblies are stacked for higher voltage

  8. The PEM fuel cell

  9. PEM Fuel Cell Stack 10 kW Fuel Cell Power Supply GENEPAC by PSA Puegot Citroën, France

  10. Other types of fuel cells • Phosphoric Acid • Molten Carbonate • Solid Oxide • Alkali • See comparison chart from the Department of Energy

  11. Compare Fuel Cell Types

  12. Fuel cell problems • PEM cells: Hydration of the membrane requires careful water control and/or pressurization (adds weight, complexity). New membranes such as PBI may require less water. • For all fuel cells, drawing large currents reduces performance

  13. Fuel cell losses Ohm’s Law Applet

  14. Which of the following statements is FALSE? • Catalysts help fuel cells increase the gas transport rate to the electrodes. • Fuel cells operate on the chemical reaction that combines hydrogen and oxygen. • Fuel cells are like a battery with a continuous supply of chemical reactants. • The only outputs of a fuel cell are water and electrical energy.

  15. Which of the following statements is FALSE? • Catalysts help fuel cells increase the gas transport rate to the electrodes. • Fuel cells operate on the chemical reaction that combines hydrogen and oxygen. • Fuel cells are like a battery with a continuous supply of chemical reactants. • The only outputs of a fuel cell are water and electrical energy.

  16. Suppose a fuel cell has an internal resis-tance of 0.025 . What is the output voltage when the ideal voltage is 12.0 V and the current is 30 A ? • 0.30 V • 0.75 V • 9.00 V • 11.25 V

  17. Suppose a fuel cell has an internal resis-tance of 0.025 . What is the output voltage when the ideal voltage is 12.0 V and the current is 30 A ? • 0.30 V • 0.75 V • 9.00 V • 11.25 V

  18. Suppose a fuel cell has an internal resis-tance of 0.025 . What fraction of the power is lost when the ideal voltage is 12.0 V and the current is 30 A ? • 2.5% • 3.6% • 6.25% • 12.0%

  19. Suppose a fuel cell has an internal resis-tance of 0.025 . What fraction of the power is lost when the ideal voltage is 12.0 V and the current is 30 A ? • 2.5% • 3.6% • 6.25% • 12.0%

  20. Stationary Power Fuel Cells Biogas-powered fuel cell power plant, Sierra Nevada Brewing Co, Chico, CA Fuel Cell power plant, Santa Rita Jail, Dublin, CA 200 kW fuel cell, Central Park, NY police station

  21. Fuel Cell-Powered Zero Emission Vehicles Hyundai FC Tucson Ford Focus FC5 Fuel Cell Car Thor UTC Bus Honda FCX Clarity Several other fuel cell cars in this 2008 article. More links at fueleconomy.gov.

  22. Fuel cell airplane Boeing fuel cell aircraft first flight: April 3, 2008. It used a battery to assist the takeoff. DLR Antares, the world’s first fuel-cell-only aircraft, takes off July 7, 2009 in Hamburg, Germany.

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