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Pad Foundation

Pad Foundation. Lectured by: Ms. Noorhidayah Sunarti School of Quantity surveying & Construction Management. What is Foundation?. Foundation is the element of a structure that serves to support the loads super-imposed to it through the transmitting elements (such as columns). Functions.

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Pad Foundation

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  1. Pad Foundation Lectured by: Ms. Noorhidayah Sunarti School of Quantity surveying & Construction Management

  2. What is Foundation? • Foundation is the element of a structure that serves to support the loads super-imposed to it through the transmitting elements (such as columns).

  3. Functions • Prevent settlement (including differential settlement) of a structure • Prevent possible movement of structure due to periodic shrinkage and swelling of subsoil • Allow building over water or water-logged ground • Resist uplifting or overturning forces due to wind • Resist lateral forces due to soil movement • Underpin (support) existing or unstable structures

  4. Classification of Foundation Foundation in general can be classified into a number of ways, such as: 1. Simple, Shallow and Deep foundation 2. Pad/strip type and piled foundation

  5. Examples of shallow foundation

  6. Shallow and piled foundation

  7. Shallow foundation • This type of foundation usually refers to those being rested on stratum with adequate bearing capacity and laid less than 3m below ground level. • Common examples include pad, strip or raft foundations. • A combination of two or three type of shallow foundation in one single structure is not uncommon.

  8. Types of Shallow Foundation

  9. Raft Foundation • Raft foundation is a large combined thick slab designed to seat and support the whole or a large part of a structure. • A raft is usually used when subsoil is weak, or columns are closely located and with deviated loadings. • It also serves as a transfer slab to combine and tie up all the vertical loading elements to the plate-form foundation. By doing so, differential settlement can be avoided.

  10. Types of Shallow Foundation

  11. Balanced base Foundation

  12. MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES ELEMENT: PAD FOUNDATION **refer to drawings – plan , section view • Components: • Reinforced foundation base / concrete pad • Column stump

  13. TAKING-OFF LISTS (items to be measured) • Reinforced foundation base / concrete pad • Concreting works • Reinforced concrete Grade __ in concrete pad / foundation base. (m3) • Lean Concrete blinding Grade _ under concrete pad / foundation base. (m2) • Formwork • Sawn formwork to sides of concrete pad / foundation base. (m2) • Reinforcement works(not available in this task) • High tensile reinforcement bar in concrete pad (kg/m) • Mild steel reinforcement bar in concrete pad (kg/m)

  14. 300mm 1250mm 300mm 1250mm Plan of Pad Foundation Nos. of foundation base = 4 nos. Nos. of column stump = 4 nos.

  15. Section of pad foundation G.L Column stump 6R8-225 750mm 4Y20 Reinforced concrete pad 300mm 25mm Thick lean concrete

  16. TAKING-OFF LISTS (items to be measured) • Reinforced column stump • Concreting works • Reinforced concrete Grade _ in column stump (m3) • Formwork • Sawn formwork to sides of column stump (m2) • Reinforcement works(not available in this task) • High tensile reinforcement bar in column stump (kg/m) • Mild steel reinforcement bar in column stump (kg /m)

  17. Piled foundation • Piled foundation is a form of foundation using piles to transfer the loads of a structure down to a firm soil stratum with sufficient load-taking capacity. • Materials for the piles can be of: • Timber • Pre cast concrete (sometimes also pre-stressed) • In-situ reinforced concrete • steel piles in ‘H’ or circular section

  18. Loading supports to pile

  19. Loading supports to pile

  20. Classification of Piled Foundation • Piled Foundation can be classified into: 1.End Bearing pile or Friction pile (or of combined nature) 2.Piles formed by manual or mechanical methods 3.Percussion Piles (driven by hammer) or Non-percussion Piles (form by augering, boring or drilling) 4.Displacement or replacement piles

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