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STATES OF MATTER

STATES OF MATTER. http://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/sciber7/matter/html/STATES.HTM. MATTER. Affected by temperature and pressure A change in temperature and or pressure can change the state of matter of a substance.

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STATES OF MATTER

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  1. STATES OF MATTER http://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/sciber7/matter/html/STATES.HTM

  2. MATTER • Affected by temperature and pressure • A change in temperature and or pressure can change the state of matter of a substance

  3. Kinetic Theory – Energy in MotionThree assumptions of how particles in matter behave 1. All matter is made of small particles - atoms, molecules and ions 2. These particles are in constant motion. The motion has no pattern. 3. These particles are colliding or crashing into each other and into the walls of their container.

  4. Temperature • Measure of the average kinetic energy of the vibrating or moving atoms or molecules of a substance • Absolute zero= no movement • Heat= the total kinetic energy of a substance

  5. Pressure • Definition= the force per unit area applied on a surface in a perpendicular direction

  6. http://michaellamarr.com/matterelectricity/index.html

  7. Solid http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solid.html • Low temperature and/or high pressure • Low kinetic energy • Can be an atom, ion or molecule • Usually in crystalline form, although some are glass • Definite pattern resulting in definite shape and definite volume

  8. Amorphous solids • A solid that doesn’t form crystals • Doesn’t have a long-range repeating pattern in the positions of its atoms or molecules.

  9. http://kgortney.pbworks.com/w/page/28715420/Class-Notes

  10. Liquid http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/liquids.html • Less pressure, more kinetic energy • Definite volume, no definite shape • Melting point= the vibrations of the particles cause the forces holding the solid together to break

  11. Gas http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html http://www.mcwdn.org/chemist/gases.html • Less pressure, more kinetic energy • No definite shape, no definite volume • Evaporation= boiling point= gas • Would escape to space if not for the Earth’s gravity

  12. http://microgravity.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/state

  13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

  14. Plasma • At temperatures above 5000°C, violent collisions cause electrons to be knocked off • Stars, lightning, neon signs http://dewa.com/animated/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

  15. Earth’s Plasma Fountain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

  16. Condensation • Change in matter to a denser stage through colder temperatures or more pressure http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclecondensation.html

  17. Sublimation • Solid-->Gas • Carbon dioxide (dry ice), Naphthelene (moth balls) and snow sublime http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesublimation.html http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesublimation.html http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/comets/sublimation.html&edu=high

  18. http://academic.greensboroday.org/~regesterj/potl/matter

  19. Conservation of Matter and Energy • During an ordinary chemical change, there is no detectable increase or decrease in the quantity of matter. • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change its form. • E = [ mo2c4 + p2c2 ] ½ http://dewa.com/animated/

  20. BOSE EINSTEIN CONDENSATE • A DILUTE GAS OF WEAKLY INTERACTING BOSONS (SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT OBEY BOSE-EINSTEIN STATISTICS) • COOLED CLOSE TO ABSOLUTE ZERO • OCCUPY THE LOWEST QUANTUM STATE • ALL ATOMS BECOME IDENTICAL

  21. Predicted 1924......Created 1995 • A. Einstein S. Bose Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman

  22. OTHERS • GLASS • DIFFERENT CRYSTALLINE FORMS • LIQUID CRYSTAL • DISORDERED CRYSTALS (PLASTIC CRYSTALS) • MAGNETICALLY ORDERED • LOW TEMPERATURE STATES: • SUPERFLUIDS • BOSE EINSTEIN • FERMIONIC CONDENSATES • RYDBERG MOLECULES • QUANTUM HALL STATES • STRANGE MATTER

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