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Chapter 17: The U.S. in WWII Section 1: Mobilization on the Home Front

Chapter 17: The U.S. in WWII Section 1: Mobilization on the Home Front. Standards. 11.7.3, 5, & 6

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Chapter 17: The U.S. in WWII Section 1: Mobilization on the Home Front

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  1. Chapter 17:The U.S. in WWIISection 1:Mobilization on the Home Front

  2. Standards • 11.7.3, 5, & 6 • .3 Identify the roles and sacrifices of individual American soldiers, as well as the unique contributions of the special fighting forces (e.g., the Tuskegee Airmen, the 442nd Regimental Combat team, the Navajo Code Talkers). • .5 Discuss the constitutional issues and impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the internment of Japanese Americans (e.g., Fred Korematsu v. United States of America) and the restrictions on German and Italian resident aliens; the response of the administration to Hitler's atrocities against Jews and other groups; the roles of women in military production; and the roles and growing political demands of African Americans. • .6 Describe major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine and the war's impact on the location of American industry and use of resources.

  3. Objectives • Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: • Explain how the U.S. expanded its armed forces in response to America’s entry into WWII. • Describe wartime mobilization of industry, labor, scientists, and the media. • Describe the efforts of the federal government to control the economy.

  4. Selective Service and the GI • Japan thought they had scared us with their attack on Pearl Harbor • If anything, the attack gave a perfect excuse to get into the FDR knew we had to fight • After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteered for military service • With the Selective Service System, 10 million more soldiers were drafted • High #s to meet needs of the two-front war • 8 weeks basic training, then off to war…

  5. Expanding the Military • Women’s corps • General George Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, calls for women to increase # of soldiers • Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)—women in noncombat positions • Thousands of women enlisted • “auxiliary” dropped from their titles (1943) • Got full U. S. army benefits • Worked as: Nurses Electricians Pilots Ambulance Drivers Radio Operators

  6. Recruiting and Discrimination • Minority groups, especially African Americans, are denied basic citizenship rights • They are only allowed to serve in segregated units • Question whether they should fight for democracy in other countries when they do not even have basic rights here in America

  7. Dramatic Contributions • 300,000 Mexican Americans join armed forces • 1 million African Americans served • Lived & worked in segregated units • Mostly non-combat positions • Saw combat late in the war • 13,000 Chinese Americans served • 33,000 Japanese Americans served • Spies & interpreters on the front lines • 25,000 Native Americans enlisted

  8. The Industrial Response • Factories converted from civilian production to war production • Car factories boats, planes, tanks, command cars • Bed spreads makers mosquito nets • Soft-drinks producers explosive shells • Shipyards & defense plants expanded and new ones were built • Produced ships and arms rapidly • Used prefabricated parts • People worked at record speeds • Built ships in 4 days!

  9. Labor’s Contribution • Nearly 18 million workers worked in war industries • 6 million are women • Paid about 60% of man’s wage for same job • Over 2 million minorities were hired • faced strong discrimination • A. Philip Randolph, organized a march on D.C. which could have been very divisive • FDR issued an executive order forbidding discrimination in the workplace

  10. Mobilization of Scientists • Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) • Developed new technologies & medicines • Pesticides • Radar • Sonar • Manhattan Project (division of the OSRD) developed the atomic bomb • Later the bomb would be used on Japan to end the war

  11. Economic Controls • Office of Price Administration (OPA) • Fought inflation by freezing prices on goods • Raised and extended income taxes, which lowered demand for scarce goods • Encouraged the purchase of war bonds • Rationing (stamps) • Common people could only buy certain amounts of goods because the military needed their share

  12. Economic Controls • War Production Board (WPB) • Decided which companies would convert from consumer production to wartime production • Allocated raw materials • Organized collection of recyclable materials • Paper, tin, scrap metal, rags, cooking fat

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