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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. Warm-Up: Pick up WWII Packet + Assignment Page. Schedule Warm-Up Finish Cinderella Man Essay Discuss Outline of WWII unit Section 1 reading + questions Assignment  Section 1 Questions Closure  How did the world begin to go down the road to another world war?.

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II

  2. Warm-Up: Pick up WWII Packet + Assignment Page • Schedule • Warm-Up • Finish Cinderella Man Essay • Discuss Outline of WWII unit • Section 1 reading + questions • Assignment  Section 1 Questions • Closure  How did the world begin to go down the road to another world war?

  3. League of Nations Section: • “We are only a small race; but…I know, as you know, that if mankind lets its armies and gas destroy my country and people, civilization will be destroyed as well…why do not all do something to drive off this common danger…this agony, this death…soon to be spread fatally to your homes…we shall die.”-Princess Tashai (of Abyssinia) Great Depression Section:

  4. Warm-Up: On board, find specified group + questions • Schedule • Warm-Up • Causes of WWII (pgs. 1-5)  group work • Whole class review of WWII causes • Assignment: Section 1 Questions • Closure  If Hitler never existed, WWII would never have happened?

  5. Warm-Up: Answer question on page 6 • Schedule • Warm-Up • OSS Operatives: Italy, Germany, USSR & Japan • In groups create report for President FDR • Whole class review of dictators • Assignment: NONE • Closure  What are the circumstances for the rise of dictators?

  6. Warm-Up: Answer questions on page 25-26 • Schedule • Warm-Up • PPT  Road to Armageddon + Appeasement • Primary Source Analysis  Quotes, Maps, Political Cartoons • Austria  Munich  Nazi-Soviet Pact • Assignment: NONE • Closure  What events led to the outbreak of WWII?

  7. The Road to Armageddon • In the 1930s, dictators in Europe/Japan seized territory and threatened all who opposed them • Little was done to stop them • Italy, Germany, Japan all wanted more land • 1936, Hitler & Mussolini formed alliance – Rome-Berlin Axis • Japan joined 1940 (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis)

  8. Appeasement Reasons • Great Depression kept them too occupied w/ their own problems • If had to fight Hitler & Mussolini, needed Stalin’s help—didn’t trust him • Communist country (threat to democracy + capitalism) • The huge cost of WWI (money & lives) made many feel that war was pointless • Western leaders mistakenly believed Hitler did NOT want war • Disarmament policies after WWI left Britain and France militarily behind Germany

  9. Warm-Up: Answer question on page 31 • Schedule • Warm-Up • PPT  WWII Begins, West Success, Allies Refuse Surrender & Operation Barbarossa • Apocalypse WWII (clips which highlight strategy, battles) • Assignment: NONE • Closure  How did the world change from 1939-1941? List 5-6 things.

  10. WWII Begins • Germany invaded Poland September 1, 1939 (helped by Nazi-Soviet Pact) • 2 days later, Britain & France declared war on Germany  WWII • German army surprised world by destroying Poland in less than a month • Using new warfare – blitzkrieg (lightning war) • Used speed & surprise w/ tanks, troops, planes

  11. Success in the West • April 1940, Hitler conquered Denmark & Norway and planned the blitz of the west • Plans changed due to plane crash in Belgium • Plane carried battle strategies  Still France/Britain did nothing

  12. Tactical Change  Instead of attacking northern France, Germans sent bulk of forces through Ardennes Forest—rocky terrain + bad for tanks • France never thought Germany would send tanks here • Worked too well—tanks rolling fast and outran own troops • Hitler gets nervous (afraid for troops)  tells tanks to pause • Gives Allied forces ability to escape at Dunkirk to England (Miracle at Dunkirk)

  13. After Dunkirk, France surrendered in under 4 weeks • Germany gets 3/5 France • Southern France (Vichy) remain under French control BUT collaborate with Germans • In London, French freedom-fighter, Charles de Gaulle push for continued resistance

  14. Allies Refuse to Surrender • Now only Britain stood in Hitler’s way • To invade Britain, Hitler needs to destroy Royal Air Force (RAF) • Summer & Fall 1940 RAF fought German Air Force—Luftwaffe—in Battle of Britain • Despite constant bombing, Britain refused to give in • 1941, Congress approve Lend-Lease Act—US would lend/lease resources + equipment to Allies

  15. Operation Barbarossa • By 1941, Hitler controlled most of Europe (except Britain + Soviet Union) • Hitler worried that Stalin was going to invade Nazi Germany (even with treaty) • Hitler’s main goal—elimination of the Soviet Union (clip 1430-1625)

  16. June 22, 1941  Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa—invasion of Soviet Union • By Fall, German troops deep into Soviet territory • Clip (1430-1625—why scorched earth policy?)

  17. As Soviets fall back, they follow Stalin’s orders called scorched-earth policy—burn everything left behind • In August, Hitler had major decision to make: • Take Moscow—capital city + transportation center + armament • Focus North (Leningrad—armaments) + South (wheat + oil) • Center Army—most successful + largest enemy defenses • Need food + oil for armed forces • What decision would you make? Take Moscow or Leningrad/South? Explain why. • (Clip 3047-3230)

  18. By December, tired troops, snow + Russian resistance stop German advance (18 miles from Moscow) (Clip 42-49) • Germany’s inability to defeat Soviet Union in 1941  German armies no longer invincible = hope

  19. Warm-Up: Pearl Harbor Comparison pgs. 32-33 • Schedule • Warm-Up • PPT  Pearl Harbor + Home-front • Assignment Page 2 • Assignment: Assignment Page 2 • Closure  How did the US, domestically, change in 1941?

  20. European War turns into World War • 1940 Japan joined Axis Alliance (Germany + Italy) • Even with Lend-Lease Act, US follow isolationist policy • Neutrality Acts—limit the sale of weapons to warring countries • 1941 Hideki Tojo took over and made Japan more warlike • Took over Southeast Asian islands (oil) • In response, US stop selling Japan equipment + oil • US Navy in Hawaii—Pearl Harbor—stands in the way of further Japanese conquest http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY

  21. Dec 7, 1941  Japanese airplanes attacked Pearl Harbor • ‘Day which will live in infamy’ • Not hugely successful for Japanese  no aircraft carriers + submarines sunk • US declares war on Japan  Germany declares war on US • By end of 1941 • Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan) vs. Allies (Britain, US, French resistance, USSR)

  22. Home-Front: War Support • During WWII, govt. set up War Production Board (WPB) to organize production of military equipment & supplies • US produce 60% Allied ammo • By 1945  300,000 planes + 75,000 ships • Factories needed many workers to produce these supplies • These jobs helped end Great Depression

  23. As armed forces needed more goods, Americans at home lost goods • For example, American car companies did not make any cars 1942-1945 • Meat, tires, shoes, gasoline, sugar were also short in supply • So govt. used system of rationing – families get fixed amount of certain goods (so enough for all Americans) • War was expensive • To help pay, govt. raised income taxes & sold war bonds – loans govt. promised to repay w/ interest • Americans bought enough to raise billions for war

  24. Opportunities & Tensions for Minorities • War created jobs for minorities • More than million African Americans worked in war industry • Many moved to North & West for these jobs • Racism increased in these areas, however WHY??

  25. A. Philip Randolph – black labor leader – worked to gain blacks equal rights • He threatened to lead march through Washington, D.C. • To stop them, FDR issued Executive Order 8802 – outlawed discrimination in defense industries

  26. Native Americans + Hispanics worked in war factories • This included Mexican workers called braceros (farm laborers) • Minorities (Hispanics + Blacks + Native Americans) also served in armed forces • About million blacks served in military  segregated • One unit – Tuskegee Airmen – black pilots who served w/ honor in North Africa & Europe

  27. Women Opportunities • With so many men fighting overseas, women needed to fill jobs • 1945, 19 million women worked in US • Worked in munitions factories, shipyards, & offices • Most of country supported “Rosie the Riveter” – image of strong woman at work • Over 300,000 women served in armed forces • Many were mechanics, drivers, clerks and nurses

  28. Warm-Up: Note-Packet pg. 35 • Schedule • Warm-Up • Los Angeles Times Quote • PPT  Internment, Korematsu v. US • Kenji • Pictorial Analysis • Assignment: Assignment Page 2 • Closure  During war time, can there ever be justification for limiting basic rights? Why or why not?

  29. Internment of Japanese-Americans • During war, Americans treated German & Italian Americans badly • But after Pearl Harbor, Japanese-Americans were treated worse • The attack on Pearl Harbor shocked the American public, resulting in widespread hysteria and paranoia.

  30. Anti-Japanese feelings swept across America after Pearl Harbor • FDR signed Executive Order 9066 –– allowed removal of Japanese & Japanese-Americans from west coast • More than 110,000 Japanese-Americans were rounded up http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BJjo0BCbGo&feature=related

  31. The Camps:

  32. Korematsu v. US 1944 • Of all the Japanese removed, about 2/3 were Nisei– Japanese-Americans born in US • Fred Korematsu refused to leave home – arrested • 1944, Korematsu appealed to Supreme Court – argued Executive Order 9066 was unconstitutional • Supreme Court disagreed = war time

  33. Warm-Up: Note-Packet pgs 39-40 • Schedule • Warm-Up • Work in small groups and complete review questions • Class review • Assignment: Study for Quiz (Sections 1 + 2) • Closure  How did WWII get started? How did WWII impact the US?

  34. Warm-Up: QUIZ • Schedule • Warm-Up • When finished, complete Assignment page 4 • Assignment: Assignment Page 4 • Closure  How did WWII get started? How did WWII impact the US?

  35. Warm-Up: Note-Packet pg. 41 • Schedule • Warm-Up • PPT  Turn of the Tide battles • Apocalypse WWII clips • Section 3 Assignment Packet • Assignment: Page 3 • Closure  How did Germany’s war position change by 1944?

  36. A Turn of the Tide: Africa • Allies started to plan to invade Europe • But Churchill (Prime Minister of Britain) thought Allies were unprepared for that attack • He convinced Allies to kick Germans out of North Africa first • Then Allies could invade Europe through Italy

  37. Since 1940, Britain had been fighting Axis for control of North Africa (Egypt) • British wanted Egypt b/c gave them access to Suez Canal – shortest route to Asia & Middle East oil • British in Africa faced tough opponent – General Erwin Rommel (“The Desert Fox”) and his AfrikaKorps • June 1942, AfrikaKorps pushed British to El Alamein (200 miles from Suez) • If successful  Germany could obtain oil from the Middle East and join up with other German troops in Southern Russia

  38. British stopped Germans at El Alamein & forced them to retreat • Allied troops under General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed in N. Africa November 1942 • Allies eventually pushed Rommel back & forced surrender (Rommel ran out of gas)

  39. A Turn of the Tide: Italy • Allies invasion of Sicily (island in Mediterranean Sea) July 1943 made possible due to successes in North Africa • From Sicily, invade Southern Italy • By this time, Italians had turned on Mussolini (imprisoned him) • Although Mussolini escaped (Hitler freed him), new Italian govt. surrendered Sept. 1943 • Hitler had to send troops to protect Allies from invaded Germany—troops badly needed in Russia

  40. A Turn of the Tide: Soviet Union • For 3 years, Hitler armies won battle after battle • However, the German war on Soviet Union ended in disaster (clips 1735-2230 + 2800-3030)

  41. Sept. 1942, Germans attacked Stalingrad – important industrial city • Soviet army fiercely defended city • As winter came, German commander asked to retreat – Hitler refused • Soviet troops counterattacked during winter • Trapped Germans & cut off their food & supplies • Feb. 1943, German troops surrendered • Both sides had suffered huge casualties • Germany’s defeat in Stalingrad was turning point of WWII • From then on, Soviet troops pushed Germans back toward Germany

  42. A Turn of the Tide: D-Day • Hitler soon had problems in west as well • June 1944, Allies’ plan to invade France began – Operation Overlord • Invasion commanded by Eisenhower • Midnight, June 6, Allied paratroopers landed behind German lines in Normandy • Early morning, 150,000 American troops landed on beaches of Normandy • This assault became known as D-Day (largest land-sea operation in military history) • Although Germans were surprised, over 10,000 Allied casualties • But the Allies won control of beaches  Begin advance towards Germany http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFQIuF590B4

  43. Warm-Up: Note-Packet pg. 43 • Schedule • Warm-Up • PPT  Collapse of Germany • The Path to Genocide • Nuremberg Laws • Kristallnacht • St. Louis Voyage • Assignment: NONE • Closure  How did Germany put itself on the path to Genocide?

  44. Planning the Postwar World • Feb. 1945, Allies met at Yalta Conference – Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin • They made plans for end of war & future of Europe • Stalin promised to fight Japan after Germany surrendered • Also agreed to start postwar international peacekeeping organization (UN) • They also talked about what types of govt. would run Europe after war • April 1945, just after winning 4th term as president, FDR died • Vice-President Harry S. Truman took over the war effort

  45. Germany Surrenders!! • April 1945, Russians reached Berlin • Inside his bunker, Adolf Hitler knew war was over • April 30, 1945, Hitler & Eva Braun committed suicide (after wedding) rather than face defeat & capture • Many high-ranking Nazis also committed suicide (Josef Goebbels, Hermann Goering, Heinrich Himmler) • Days later, Soviets controlled Berlin • May 7, 1945, Germans gave Allies their unconditional surrender • May 8, 1945—VE-DAY (Victory in Europe)—war in Europe was over!

  46. After Germany surrenders, Allied forces found a terrible scene in Germany….

  47. Not just for adults… • Aryan superiority was preached from a young age • Hitler Youth = train in Nazi doctine Why would someone teach these things to children? Now, for a few examples….

  48. For the Kiddies… Coloring Book Page • The caption at the bottom of the page asks “Do you know him?” In the upper lefthand corner is the derSturmer logo featuring a Star of David superimposed over a caricature of a Jewish face. The caption under the star states that “without a solution to the Jewish question, there will be no salvation for mankind.”

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