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Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174

Read Chap 8. Review all notes & diagrams. Finish the last slide – the six types of synovial joints. Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174. Learning Objectives: Explain an articulation (joint). Classify joints based on structure and function. Describe their characteristics.

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Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174

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  1. Read Chap 8. Review all notes & diagrams. Finish the last slide – the six types of synovial joints. Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174 Learning Objectives: Explain an articulation (joint). Classify joints based on structure and function. Describe their characteristics. Demonstrate common body movements. Identify and describe the main joints of the elbow, knee, hip, and shoulder. Explain the basis of common joint injuries such as rotator cuff injury.

  2. Shoulder Problems • A patient presents will extreme pain in the shoulder area, mobility is limited, and rest/ ice have not improved the situation over time. After thorough examination, it is determined that the patient’s cartilage is badly torn. Rotator cuff surgery is required: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2748399179169714896

  3. Review • What is an articulation? An articulation is also known as a _________. What are sutures (as in the coronal suture)?

  4. Joints • Weakest parts of the skeleton • Two functions of joints • Give the skeleton _________ • Hold the skeleton __________

  5. Classification of Joints: Functional Pg. 157 • Functional classification is based on the amount of ________ allowed by the joint • The three functional classes of joints are: • Synarthroses – __________ • Amphiarthroses – ___________ • Diarthroses – ___________

  6. Fibrous Joints Pg.157 • The bones are joined by _______ tissues • There is no joint _______ • Most are ____________ • There are three types: 1. sutures (Example: seams in the skull) 2. syndesmoses (bones connected by ____________) Example: ligament connecting the distal ends of the tibia and fibula 3. gomphoses (____ -in-socket type of fibrous joint) Example: peridontal ligament

  7. Cartilaginous Joints Pg.158 • Articulating bones are united by ________ • Lack a joint ______ • Two types: 1. synchondroses – bar or plate of cartilage (Example: immoveable joint between the coastal cartilage of the first rib and manubrium) 2. symphyses – articular surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartlage which in turn is fused to a __________ pad (or plate) of ______________. Example: intervertebral joints

  8. Synovial Joints Pg.160 Those joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a ____________ joint cavity. All are _______ movable Examples – all limb joints, and most joints of the body • All have the following: • a. Articular cartilage • b. Joint (synovial) cavity • c. Articular capsule • d. ___________ fluid • e. Reinforcing ____________

  9. Friction-Reducing Structures in Synovial Joints • _________ – flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid • Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together • ____________ – elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

  10. Review of Joints (Thus Far) • See handout • Estimated Time of completion = 8- 10 minutes • Will check answers

  11. Synovial Joints: Movement Pg. 164 • The two muscle attachments across a joint are: 1. ________ – attachment to the immovable bone 2. _________ – attachment to the movable bone

  12. Synovial Joint: Range of Motion • ________ – slipping movements only • ________ – movement in one plane • _______ – movement in two planes • _______ – movement in or around all three planes There are also 3 general types of movements: _______, _______, and rotation

  13. Gliding Pg.163 One flat bone surface _______ or slips over another similar surface Examples – intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae

  14. Angular Pg. 164 • _______ — bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint • _________ — reverse of flexion; joint angle is increased • _________ and plantar flexion — up and down movement of the foot • ________ — movement away from the midline • ________ — movement toward the midline • __________ — movement describes a cone in space

  15. Angular continued Pg.164

  16. Angular continued

  17. Angular continued Pg. 167

  18. Rotation • The turning of a bone around its own long _____ • Examples • Between first two vertebrae • Hip and shoulder joints

  19. Special Movements • Supination and pronation Pg.170

  20. Special Movements continued • Inversion and eversionPg.172

  21. Special Movements continued • Protraction and retractionPg. 169

  22. Special Movements continued • Elevation and depression Pg. 168

  23. Special Movements continued • Opposition Pg.170

  24. Partner Activity • Quickly pair with a partner. • Each person should complete question #10 (a – p) pg 174 now in their workbook. • Then demonstrate the motions (as listed under question #10 (a-p) pg 174 to their partner

  25. Types of Synovial Joints Using pages 161-163 as a guide name, describe and site examples of the six types of synovial joints: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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